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All Earth Science

All Earth Science Vocabulary Words

TermDefinition
Weathering The breaking down of rock by wind, water, or ice.
Erosion The moving or carrying of sediments to a new location by wind, water, or ice.
Deposition The dropping of sediments in a new location.
Cementation Sediments sticking together like glue.
Compaction Sediments being pressed together.
Sedimentary rock Rock made by the deposits of sediments that form layers that are compacted and cemented together over time. This kind of rock is where most fossils are found
Landslides Gravity and water pull rocks and mud down the mountain causing destruction
Tsunami An earthquake in the ocean causes these giant destructive waves
Rapid Changes to Earth Earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, tsunamis and volcanoes
Slow Changes to Earth Weathering, erosion and deposition
Gravel Smaller stones, pebbles of rock, no water stays, no nutrients
Retain To keep in or hold back
Sediment Particles of matter could be sand, silt, shells, and other substances that are carried then deposited
Sand Tiny particles of broken down rock, about the size of salt, very little water stays, loses water, no nutrients
Silt Finer and softer sand, like flour, silky smooth, some water stays, some nutrients but erodes easily
Clay A sticky when wet, fine grained soil that does not allow water to flow through easily, holds too much water, needs nutrients, compacts when dried
Humus Dark and chunky soil full of organic matter and plants, sticks and leaves
Loam The best soil of all because it’s a mixture of humus, clay and sand
Delta Created by the deposition of sediment. Streams and rivers deposit sediments at the mouth of the river creating deltas. They are large flat areas of land at the mouth of a river.
Glacier A huge moving body of ice that scrapes the landscape and forms a U-shaped valley.
Canyon A huge V-shaped valley made from moving water. The Grand Canyon was formed over the last 6 million years. Made by fast moving water carving out a V-shape.
Sand dune A mound of sand deposited by wind
U-shaped valley Made by a glacier scraping through
V-shaped valley Made by moving water
Landform An area of land, or a land shape found on the surface of the Earth
Fossil fuels Fuels formed from the remains of prehistoric animals and plants that were buried in layers of rock and subjected to large amounts of heat and pressure.
Renewable resource Resources that can be replaced in a short amount of time. (Soil, sun, crops, people, plants, trees, air, animals and water).
Nonrenewable resource Resources that cannot be replaced quickly. Takes millions of years. (Coal, oil, natural gas, silver, gold, diamonds, aluminum and gems).
Biofuels Made from crops and can be used as an alternative to gasoline like ethanol for our cars.
Conservation The wise use and protection of natural resources.
Recycle Converting waste into reusable materials.
Climate The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time.
Weather The conditions of our atmosphere at a specific place and time.
Humidity The amount of moisture in the air
Anemometer Scientific tool that measures wind speed
Forecast The meteorologist predicts what he/she thinks the weather is going to be in the future.
Meteorologist A scientist who study the weather
Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Rain gauge Tool that measures the accumulation of precipitation
Accumulation The gradual gathering or rain or snow
Wind direction Reported by the direction from which it originates
Weather map A map that displays symbols to help show the weather forecast.
Cold Front Represented by a blue triangle symbol on a weather map.
Warm Front Represented by a red semi-circle symbol on a weather map.
Wind vane/Windsock A device that measures the direction of the wind
Wind speed How fast the wind is moving
Evaporation When water turns from a liquid to a gas.
Condensation When gas turns back into a liquid.
Ground water Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices of rock
Water cycle The cycles of processes by which water circulates between the Earth’s oceans, atmosphere and land involving precipitation, runoff to streams and rivers and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.
Transpiration The process when a plant gives off water vapor through the pores of its leaves.
Runoff The draining of water on the surface of the Earth.
Ocean About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water. Of that 71%, 97% is salt water and only 3% of all of the Earth’s water is freshwater.
Rotation/Rotate To spin or make a circular motion on its own axis
Revolution/Revolve To go all the way around something
Axis An imaginary line on which something rotates
Equator An imaginary line dividing the Northern and Southern hemisphere
Tilt A sloping position
Day/Night Cycle Caused by the Earth’s rotation or spinning on its axis once every 24 hours
Full Moon This is when the moon appears to be fully illuminated
New Moon The moon is not visible at the time (No visible moon is a new moon)
Shadow Shadows are the longest in the early morning and evening. Shadows are the shortest at noon. The shadows will appear on the opposite side from where the Sun is shining.
Sunrise/Dawn When the Sun begins to rise in the East
Sunset/Dusk When the Sun begins to set in the West
Seasons Caused by the tilt of the Earth as we revolve around the Sun.
Tides The rise and fall of the oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon.
Earth 3rd planet from the Sun. The Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours. It revolves around the Sun in a counter clockwise direction (from west to east) every 365 days or 1 year.
Moon The only Earth’s natural satellite. Made of rock, no life or liquid water. Takes about 28 days to orbit Earth. Gets its light from the Sun. We can only see one side of the moon. It is ¼ the size of the Earth.
Sun Star, the center of our Solar System.
Planets in order Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Uranus, Neptune
Created by: MrsStahl
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