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bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| spongy (trabecular) bone | internal layer of skeletal bone |
| compact bone | dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid to naked eye |
| irregular bone | consists of thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact |
| yellow bone marrow contains | triglycerides (fat) |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells that secrete the bone matrix |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells that occupy spaces (lacunae) that conform to their shape |
| bone lining cells | flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on |
| osteoclasts | giant multinucleate cells located at sites of bone resorption |
| chondrocytes | mature cell of cartilage |
| outer fibrous layer of the periosteum | dense irregular connective tissue |
| elastic tissues contain | stretchy elastic fibers |
| fibrocartilages | consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers |
| hyaline cartilages | provide support with flexibility and resistance |
| nondisplaced fracture | bone retains normal position |
| displaced fracture | bone ends are out of normal alignment |
| complete fracture | bone is broken through |
| incomplete fracture | not broken through |
| open (compound) fracture | bone ends penetrate skin |
| closed (simple) fracture | stay within skin |
| treatment of fracture | begins with reduction then is immobilized; heals within 6-8 weeks |
| simple fracture repair | a hematoma forms, fibrocartilages callus, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs |
| epiphysis | end of a long bone, attached to the shaft |
| diaphysis | elongated shaft of long bone |
| metaphysis | flared portion of where epiphysis and diaphysis meet |
| epiphyseal plate | plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone |
| articular cartilages | cover ends of most bones at movable joints |
| diploe | internal layer of spongy bone in flat bone |
| epicondyle | raised area on or above a condyle |
| foramen | round or oval opening through a bone |
| meatus | canal-like passageway |
| fossa | shallow basin-like depression in a bone, serves as articular process. |
| ramus | branch of nerve, artery, vein, or bone |
| osteoporosis | decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation |
| ossification | the process of bone formation |
| lacunae | small cavities |
| osteon | system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone |
| 7 functions | support, protection, anchorage, mineral storage, blood cell formation, fat storage, and hormone production. |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of upper and lower limbs and girdles |
| inner osteogenic layer | made up of osteoprogenitic cells |
| appositional growth | bone increases in thickness |
| parathyroid hormone | hormones increase osteoclast activity to release more calcium |
| intramembranous ossification | forms cranial bones and clavicles |
| prevent osteoporosis | calcium and vitamin d |
| age bones hot peak density | 25-30 |
| calcitonin | hormone released by thyroid, lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high therapeutic levels |
| intersistial growth | lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expands cartilage from within |
| hematopoietic (blood forming) tissue | red bone marrow; found in cavities between trabeculae of spongy bone; flat bones of skull, sternum, ribs, clavicles. scapulae, hip bones, and vertebrae |
| osteogenic cells | mitotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum |
| lamella | a layer such as of bone matrix in an osteon of compact bone |
| osteoid | unmineralized bone marrow |
Created by:
katiemauer
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