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JLPT N4 Grammar
| JP | ENG |
|---|---|
| でも | Or something, Any... (with question words), No matter (who) |
| やすい | Easy to, Likely to |
| にくい | Difficult to, Hard to |
| だんだん | Gradually, Little by little, Step by step |
| どんどん | Progressively, Rapidly increasing, More and more |
| ～ら | We, Them, They, These, Those |
| ていく | To ~ and go, To go on, To start |
| てくる | To come to, To become, To continue, To be starting to, Has been ~ing |
| かた | Way of ~ing, How to ~, Manner of ~ing |
| だけで | Just by, Just with |
| だが | But, Still, However, Nevertheless |
| なくて | To not ~ and ~, Not ~ and ~ (Conjugations) |
| なくて | Not ~ and, Not so, Because not (Examples) |
| ないで | Without doing, Not ~ and ~ |
| Verb［れる | Was done to ~ by ~, Done without consent, Done to one's dismay |
| 他動詞 | Done through action vs. occurring on its own |
| なおす | To do over, To redo |
| ということ | ~ing, The ~ that ~ (Nominalization) |
| とき | When, At the time of |
| まず | To start with, Firstly |
| まで | Even, To even, To the extent of |
| までに | By ~, By the time that ~, Before ~ |
| また | Also, As well, Moreover, Again, Additionally |
| はじめる | To start, To begin to |
| おわる | To finish, To end |
| ごろ | Around, About |
| あとで | After, Later |
| ていた | Was doing ~ |
| に (Frequency) | Times (In each time period), Every, Frequency of |
| とうとう | Finally, After all |
| より | More than, Over |
| ごとに | Each, Every, At intervals of |
| なるべく | As ~ as possible, Wherever practicable |
| るところだ | About to, On the verge of |
| のに | Despite, Although, Even though |
| とおもう | I think |
| など | Such as, Things like, Etc., And so on |
| みたい | Like, Similar to, Resembling |
| こと | Converting a verb into a noun |
| そう | Look like, Appear, Seem, Have a feeling that |
| さ | Converting adjectives to nouns |
| とか～とか | Among other things, For example, Such as |
| そういう | Like that, Kind of |
| Verb[よう] | Let's, I shall (Casual volitional) |
| ようだ | It seems that, It appears that, It looks like |
| ぜんぜん | (Not) at all |
| かな | I wonder |
| あまり～ない | Not very, Not much, Not really, Hardly |
| ば | If… then, (Conditional) |
| なら | Were it, If, If it's the case, As for (Conditional) |
| がる | To feel, To think, To act as if, To want, To desire |
| がする | To give off, Smell, Sound, Taste, Sensation |
| たがる | To want to (Third person) |
| かもしれない | Might, Maybe, Probably |
| みたいに | Like, Similar to, Resembling |
| そうに | Seem, Look like, Sound |
| のように | Like (Noun), Similar to (Noun) |
| 〜ようと思う | I think I will, I think I shall, Going to, Gonna (Volitional + と思う) |
| ～にする | Adjective + する, To make something/someone (more) |
| といい | I hope, I wish, You should, It would be good |
| ようになる | To reach the point that, To come to be that, To turn into |
| まい～のように | Almost every ~, Nearly every ~, On a ~ basis |
| じゃないか | Isn't it?, Is it not? |
| らしい ① | Seems like, Apparently, I heard |
| ておく | To do something in advance |
| がほしい | To want something, To be in need of |
| てほしい | I want you to |
| ときいた | I heard that |
| 聞こえる | To be audible, To sound (like), (Can) hear, To be heard |
| 見える | To be visible, To seem, To be in sight |
| だす | To suddenly begin, To start doing |
| ～代 | Teens, Twenties, Thirties, 1910s, 20s/30s |
| Number + も | Emphasis, As ~ as, Not even |
| ほとんど | Almost all, Most, Hardly any, Few (Adverbial noun) |
| そんな | Such a・Kind of, Something like ~ |
| 各 | Each, Every, Respective, Various |
| 以上 ① | More than (or equal to), Over・(and) above, Any more・Greater, Exceeding |
| いか | Less than (or equal to), Under・(and) below, Any less・fewer, Not exceeding |
| いがい | Except・besides, Other than, With the exception of |
| ずっと ① | Continuously, All throughout, Entire time, Ever (since), The whole time, All the way |
| だいたい | Most・mostly, Adequately・generally, For the most part, Roughly・approximately, In the first place |
| のなかで | In, Among, Within |
| ように | As・like, Just like |
| Number/Amoun... | At least, Sort of, Or so |
| なん + counter... | Some, Several, A few |
| 真(っ) | Completely, Exactly, Right |
| Number + しか〜ない | No more than, Not exceeding, As few as・as little as, Only |
| ～は～の一つだ | 〜 is one of (many) 〜 |
| ～ない～はない | There is not ~ that is not/does not |
| すこしも～ない | Not even a little, Not at all, Not in the least, Never |
| すくなくない | Quite a few, Quite a lot, Many, Not a few, Not a little |
| ばあいは | In the event of, In the case of |
| Verb[て] | Please do for me (Casual request) |
| てよかった | I'm glad that |
| Verb［せる | To make/let/have (somebody do something) |
| といってもいい | You could say, You might say |
| ても | Even if, Even though |
| てしまう | To do something by accident, To finish completely・totally, Unfortunately |
| Verb[て] + B | And・and so, Due to, Because of, Since, Conjunctive |
| Causative-Pa... | Verbs (Causative-passive voice), To be made to do something, To be forced to do |
| Verb[て] | By, With, On, By means of, ~ing with |
| てある | Something is done, Has been done, Remaining state |
| ように～てほしい | Want ~ to ~ like ~, Want ~ to be able to ~, Want ~ to ~ in the way of ~ |
| ているあいだに | While, During the time that ~ |
| なくてもいい | Don't have to |
| てみる | To try to |
| てすみません | I'm sorry for |
| てあげる | To do something for someone, As a favor for |
| てくれる | To do something for someone (usually you) |
| てもらう | To get someone to do, To have someone do |
| なさい | Command to do |
| Verb[て] + B | Non-sequence, And, But (Contrast), Parallel action/state |
| Verb[ないで] | (Please) do not (for me), Casual request |
| てくれてありがとう | Thank you for ~ ing |
| てくれない | Won't you?, Will you?, Could you?, Can you?, Would you? |
| ～のだろうか | I wonder... |
| お～になる | To do (Honorific) |
| なさる | To do (Honorific) |
| お～ください | Please do (Honorific) |
| いらっしゃる | To be (Honorific), To come (Honorific), To go (Honorific) |
| ございます | To be, To exist (Polite) |
| でございます | To be, Polite copula |
| お〜する | I humbly do, I am obliged to do, Humble speech |
| いたす | To do (Humble) |
| ていただけませんか | Won't you, Could you please (Humble request) |
| たら | When, From when, Just when, If |
| ほかに(も) | Other, Another, Any other, Anything else, As well as, Besides, In addition |
| がひつよう | Need, Necessary |
| そんなに | So (much), That much, Like that |
| ひつようがある | It is necessary to |
| たとえば | For example |
| れる | To be able, Can (Potential) |
| んだけど | But..., And... |
| はずだ | Bound to (be), Expected to (be), Should be (able) |
| かどうか | Whether or not, If...or not |
| と | If, When, Whenever, And, [Conditional] |
| ないと | Must, Have to |
| はずがない | Hardly possible, Cannot be, Highly unlikely, Improbable |
| しか～ない | There's only, Nothing but |
| だけでなく | Not only… but also |
| ことができる | Can, Be able to |
| かい | Question marker |
| もし | If (For emphasis) |
| し～し | And, Giving reasons |
| でできる | Made of, Made from, Produced from, Come from |
| ながら | While ~ing, During, As |
| たところだ | Just finished doing, Was just doing |
| ているところだ | In the process of doing ~ right now/at this moment |
| と～と、どちらが | Between ~ which one |
| ようにする | To try to, To make sure to, To endeavor to |
| なければいけない | Must do, Have to do |
| なければならない | Must do, Have to do |
| つづける | To continue |
| ようにいう | To tell, request, or order to do (in such a way) |
| よていだ | Plan to, Intend to |
| ようにいのる | Pray that/for, Hope that/for, Keep fingers crossed that |
| たばかり | Just did, Something just happened |
| 化する | -ification, -ization, To make something, To change, To become, Transform into |
| 命令形 | (Verb)!, Do (something)! |
| ように | So that, In order to, In such a way that |
| かしら | I wonder |
| らしい ② | typical of, -ish・like, appropriate for, becoming of, befitting |
| にみえる | To look, To seem, To appear |
| とみえる | It seems that, It can be deduced, One can conclude that |
| 風 | -style, Way, Fashion |
| がみられる | Can see, Can be seen, Can observe, Can be observed, Be evident, Chance to see something |
| にきがつく | To notice (that), To realize (that) |
| 〜でも 〜でも | Whether ~ or, Neither ~ or |
| それに | And, Besides, Moreover, In addition |
| それで | Because of that, So?, And then?, Therefore, With that |
| Question-phr... | Including questions within sentences |
| それでも | But still, And yet, Even so, Nevertheless |
| たらどう | Why don't you...?, What if you did...? |
| とかんがえられている | Is considered, Is thought of as |
| とされている | To be considered, To be deemed, Be regarded as, Be accepted as, To be said, To be accredited with |
| といわれている | It is said that, Is known as |
| ばよかった | Should have, I wish, It would have been better to |
Created by:
Hykf
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