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Nat 5 Biology 3.2

Distribution of organisms

QuestionAnswer
Explain what biotic factors are... Biological factor related to aspects of ecosystem such as predation/competition.
Name some biotic factors. Food availability, disease, predation, competition, grazing
A disease causes a tree to die. Is death caused by biotic or abiotic factors? Why? Biotic (diseases are caused by pathogens, which are living beings)
Explain what abiotic factors are. Non-living physical factor that affects ecosystems such as temperature/light intensity
Describe how temperature can affect distribution of plants Affect enzyme activity in plant cells.
Describe how light intensity affects distribution of plants. Affects photosynthesis.
Describe how low rainfall affects distribution of plants. Loss of turgidity in cells and cause wilting in whole plants.
Describe how temperature affects distribution of animals. Affect enzyme activity in animal cells.
Describe how low rainfall can affect distribution of animals. Lead to dehydration in animals, lack of producers to consume.
Name some abiotic factors. pH, temperature, rainfall, wind intensity.
Name instrument that measures soil pH, state a source of error. Soil pH meter, not wiping probe between use.
Name instrument that measures light intensity, state a source of error. Light meter, casting shadow over sensor.
Name instrument that measures temperature, state a source of error. Thermometer, not enough time to calibrate; not place to correct depth.
Name instrument that measures soil moisture, state a source of error. Moisture meter, not wiping probe between use.
Explain why low light intensity could decrease animal populations. Less light, less photosynthesis by plants -> poor plant growth -> less plant available for animals to eat -> less herbivores grow/survive --> further affects higher levels in food chain.
Name technique that could sample dandelions rooted in field of rye grass. Quadrat.
Describe how quadrats are used and what for. Placed randomly to sample low level plants/slowing moving animals.
Name technique that could sample slow beetles that move. Pitfall trap.
Describe how pitfall traps are used and what for. Sample small invertebrates, set randomly, checked regularly to avoid predation inside.
State how you improve reliability of quadrats/pitfall traps? Take large sample size and average, placed randomly.
State what a transect line is. Line of study across habitat/part of, marked by long measuring tape.
Describe what a transect line measures. Distribution of organisms in habitat/part of habitat.
Describe how paired sample keys are used. Identify species found in samples based on similarities/differences.
Organisms by presence/abundance/absence showing certain conditions in an environment are... Indicator species.
Name a typical indicator species for water pollution. Nymphs, sludge worms (different O2 concentration).
Name a typical indicator species for air pollution. Lichens (diff SO2 concentration)
Created by: MsKerrBiology
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