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Psych Ch 21-27
Ch 21-27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the general adaptation syndrome ? | biochemical response to stress and effects on the body system |
| Who formulated the general adaptation syndrome? | Selye |
| What is a psychophysical disorder? | refers to stres related physical problems |
| What did Fromm;s theory state regarding developing illness? | that it was personality types that were prone to disorders |
| What is somatization? | term for feeling physical symptoms in the absence of disease or out of proportion to an ailment |
| What do the persons with somatization demonstrate? | no objective cause or physical dysfunction for their signs and symptoms |
| What are the criterion for diagnosis of a somatiform disorder? | no organic medical condition, disorder significantly disrupts one's level of functioning, client is unaware or unable to expres his or her emotional distress |
| What is a factitious disorder? | individuals intentionally produce signs and symptoms of illness in order to assume the sick role |
| How do persons with somatization disorders behave? | impulsive, antisocial, suicidal manners, lives with chaos, marital discord, and social problems with lifestyles complicated |
| What is a conversion disorder? | inner conflict is converted into a physical disturbance |
| How does the individual present with a conversion disorder? | they present problems related to sensory or motor functions |
| What are conversion disorders thought to be a result of? | emotional conflict |
| What can trigger a conversion disorder? | situational factors such as environmental stressors or interpersonal conflicts |
| What 5 criteria must a client meet for a dx of conversion disorder? | one sign involves voluntary motor or sensory system, s/sx worsened by presence of conflict , not intentionally produced, causes significant distress, s/sx cannot be explained by pathological condition |
| What is la belle indifference | lack of concern about the signs or symptoms of a conversion disorder |
| What is hypochondriasis? | intense fear of or preoccupation with having a serious disease or medical condtion |
| What is doctor shopping? | seeing more than one physician at the same time |
| When do hypochondriasis symptoms usually occur? | early adulthood |
| In most cases when is the condition first diagnosed? | after a major stressor |
| Who is the hypochondriac focused on? | themselves |
| What disorders often occur with hypochondriasis? | anxiety depression and compulsive personality |
| Why is hypochondriasis difficult to treat? | because they doctor shop |
| What is body dysmorphic disorder? | preoccupation with a physical difference or defect in one's body |
| What is a factitious disorder? | purposefully producing signs and symptoms of an illness for some form of gain |
| What is Munchausen's by proxy? | producing signs and symptoms fictitously in another person for their own gain |
| What is the difference between factitious disorder and malingering? | it lies with the intent of the person |
| What is malingering? | the individual produces symptoms to meet a recognizeable goal (faking it to avoid something) is an example |
| What is body image? | the collection of perceptions thoughts feelings and behaviors that relate to one's body size and appearance |
| What do positive body images lead to? | expressions of confidence and self-assurance |
| What do negative body images lead to? | problems such as shyness and social isolation |
| What disorders are linked to body image? | anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa and bulimia, obesity |
| What is an eating disorder? | ongoing disturbance in behaviors associatetd with the ingestion of food |
| What are the most common eating disorders? | anorexia nervosa and bulimia |
| What is anorexia nervosa? | a condition in which the individual does not maintain a normal body weight because of intense fear of becoming fat |
| What % of anorexics are female? | 90-95% |
| What are the age ranges for anorexia nervosa diagnoses? | seldom before puberty rarely after 40 |
| Who is at a greater risk for developing anorexia nervosa? | children from dysfunctional or abusive families |
| What personality factors appear to be associated with anorexia nervosa? | tense, alert, hyperactive, rigid, young woman who , thinks, talks and walks rapidly, ambitious, drives herself to perfection, sensitive insecure, serious conscience, neatness, self will, stubborn |
| What is the main issue with anorexia nervosa? | control |
| What does a person with anorexia nervosa's self esteem rely on? | body size and shape |
| What is the cause of mortality in anorexia nervosa? | dehydration, loss of critical muscle mass, e-lyte imbalances, suicide |
| Behaviorally what do anorexia nervosa pts have a preoccupation with? | food |
| What is bulimia? | binge eating and the use of inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain |
| What population is bulimia most often found in? | young, white , middle-class and upper-class women |
| What is binge eating? | consuming an amount of food that is definitely larger than most would eat in similar circumstances |
| How many calories may a binge eater consume in one serving? | between 5-10 thousand calories |
| How long may a binge last | 1-2 hours |
| What is purging? | attempt to rid the GI tract and body of unwanted food |
| What are the most common purging behaviors? | vomiting and the use of diuretics and laxatives |
| What is the non-purging bulimic doing? | uses other inappropriate means to prevent weight gain such as fasting or exercising excessively |
| What are the personality traits of one who is bulimic? | woman, slightly older, more outgoing, socially and sexually active and feels distress about her disorder with a normal body weight or slightly above average weight |
| What contributes to maintaining bulimic behaviors? | perfectionism |
| What is the criterion for diagnosis of bulimia? | eating binges must occur at least twice per week for at least 3 months |
| What happens physiologically when purging behaviors are frequent? | e-lyte abnormalities, cardiac or skeletal muscle wasting |
| What is obesity? | excess of body weight |
| What is the classification for one who is 20-40% above IBW? | mildly obese |
| What is the % range for the moderately obese? | 41-100% above IBW |
| What is a person classified as who is more than 100% over their IBW? | morbidly or severely obese |
| What is obesity the result of? | too many calories consumed or not enough calories burned |
| What are some causes of obesity? | neurochemical mechanisms, heredity, |
| What is compulsive eating? | eating to relieve the emotional distresses of life |
| When are the first signs of obesity seen? | early in life |
| At what % should children be looked at as a risk for obesity? | when they are 20% above IBW |
| What is the identified cycle of coping with obesity? | "I'm not attractive, so I'll eat because it makes me feel better" |
| What is Pica? | persistent eating of nonfood items that lasts for more than 1 month |
| What substances are commonly eaten with Pica | clay, laundry starch, insects, leaves and pebbles |
| What is the cause of Pica? | it can be traced to lack of elements in diet |
| What is the treatment for Pica? | to treat the underlying cause - physical or deficiency and then the establishment of more healthful eating habits |
| What is rumination disorder? | regurgitation and rechewing of food |
| What are the 3 immediate treatment goals for eating disorders? | 1. stabilize existing medical problems 2. reestablish normal nutrition and eating habits 3. resolve the psychological emotional issues |
| What is TPN? | IV nutrition |
| What do the goals of mental health care for eating disorders focus on? | improving self esteem and developing more effective coping skills |
| What is the sleep requirement of an infant? | 16 hours |
| What is the sleep requirement for an adult? | 8 hours |
| What are the 2 phases of sleep? | NREM and REM |
| How many stages are there in NREM? | 4 |
| What is a sleep disorder? | condition or problem that repeatedly disrupts an individual's pattern of sleep |
| What is a polysomnogram? | measures brain wave activity during sleep and monitors eye movement |
| What is a dysomnia? | abnormality in the amount quality or timing of sleep |
| What is insomnia? | disorder of falling asleep or maitaining a sound sleep |
| What is chronic insomnia? | interrupted sleep continues and becomes a condition that persists long after the problem that caused the initial difficulty has been solved |
| What is primary hypersomnia? | excessive sleepiness that usually beings between 15 and 30 years of age and progresses over months |
| What is narcolepsy? | repeated attacks of sleep |
| What is cataplexy? | suden episodes of muscle weakness and loss of muslce tone that lasts for seconds or minutes |
| What brings on a cataplexic episode? | intense emotion |
| What is a parasomnia? | abnormal behavior or physical events during sleep |
| What is the most important feature of nightmare disorder? | repeated frightening dreams that lead to abrupt awakening (accompanied by fight or flight responses) |
| What does NSRED stand for? | nocturnal sleep related eating disorder |
| What is NSRED characterized by? | rapid and uncontrolled ingestion fo food during partial or full awakening from sleep with variable recall of the episode |
| What is the first step in treatment of a sleeping disorder? | teach prevention |
| What is the definition of self concept? | attitudes notions beliefs and convictions that make up a person's self knowledge |
| What is self esteem? | an individual's judgment of his or her own worth |
| What is self-ideal? | personal standards of how one should behave |
| What is personal identity? | awareness of onesself as an idividual |
| What is an infants self concept? | they are not separate form the rest of the world |
| Infants learn to trust others when what happens? | when their needs are consistenly met |
| How do toddlers become more independent? | by exploring their environment and testing their capabilities |
| How do toddlers develop autonomy? | they experiment with a variety of behaviors |
| What happens to self concept in early teen years | their concept that was comfortable in childhood is challenged |
| If as an adult their concept is low or negative how do they then view themselves? | as inadequate or unable |
| Self concept is ___________in childhood, ___________in adolescence,__________in adulthood and ______________ in older adulthood | established, developed, strengthened, refined |
| What is ageism? | stereotyping of older persons as feeble, dependent, and nonproductive |
| What is dissociation? | attempt to cope with deep seated emotional anxiety or distress |
| What is identity diffusion? | failure to bring various childhood identifications into an effective adult personality |
| What do individuals tend to do when they have an identity diffusion? | tend to drift through life, unable to set a course, unable to build a picture of themselves |
| What is a dissociative disorder? | disturbance in the normally interacting functions of consiousness , identity, memory and perception |
| What is a fugue? | inability to remember important personal events or travels |
| What is a dissociative identity? | when parts of the self assume separate personalities |
| What is depersonalization? | response to severe anxiety associated with blocking of awareness and fading of reality |
| What is amnesia? | loss of memory |
| What is trance? | state of resembling sleep in which the consciousness remains but voluntary movement is lost |
| What is DID? | dissociative identity disorder |
| What is another name for DID? | MPD or multiple personality disorder |
| What is the personal history of a person with DID? | one with time losses, unexplained posessions or changes in relationships, out of body experiences, history of abuse or trauma (not always) |
| What is the name for the medication to treat amnesia? | HAH! there is none!! |
| Who is the princess? | Mrs. Q (just checking) |
| What is aggression? | forceful attitude or action that is expressed physically, symbolically, or verbally |
| What is passive aggression? | expressions of anger through subtle, evasive or manipulative behaviors |
| What is acting out? | use of inappropriate detrimental or destructive behaviors |
| What is assertiveness? | ability to directly express ones feelings or needs in a way that respects the rights of others yet retains one's dignity |
| What is gender aggression? | aggressive acts towards women centered around concepts of virginity and fidelity |
| When do expressions of anger begin? | in infancy |
| When do expressions of anger end? | death |
| How do infant express anger? | rage reactions loud crying, screaming profuse perspiration flailing arms and legs |
| How do toddlers express anger? | temper tantrums focusing on the person or thing that they believe is responsible for their anger |
| Where do preschoolers direct their anger? | towards others peers or younger children |
| Between ages 22 and 45 most expressions of anger occure where? | within the family |
| What happens during the trigger stage of aggression? | a stress response occurs , coping is begun |
| What is the escalation phase of aggression? | it is where the behavioral step moves closer to total loss of control |
| What happens during the crisis phase of the cycle of assault | there is emotional or physical blowout |
| What is the recovery stage of the cycle of assault | it is the cooling down period |
| What is the last phase of the cycle of assault? | Depression stage |
| What characterizes the conduct disorder? | a pattern of behavior in chich the basic rights of others are violated |
| What are the 4 main groups of behaviors for conduct disorders? | agressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness, serious rules violations |
| When are conduct disorders usually diagnosed? | late childhood or early adolescence |
| What is the essential feature of an impulse control disorder? | failure to resist an impulse drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others |
| What is an adjustment disorder? | emotional or behavioral problems that develop in resonse to an identifiable source |
| What are the 5 subtypes of adjustment disorders? | depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, disturbed emotions and conduct |
| What do level 2 interventions for anger and aggression focus on? | protecting the client and others from potential harm |
| What is agitation? | behavior that is verbally or physically abusive |
| What is abuse? | intentional misuse of someone or something that results in harm, injury, or trauma |
| What is violence? | outburst of physical force that abuses injures or harms another person or object |
| What is exploitation? | use of an individual for selfish purposes profit or gain |
| What is machismo? | compulsive masculinity |
| What is domestic violence? | abuse and battering within a family |
| What is battering? | descrbies repeated physical abuse of someone, usually a woman, child or elder |
| What percent of pregnant women are physically abused during pregnancy at least once? | 15% |
| What % of women suffered 2 or more assaults during pregnancy? | 60% |
| What effects on the pregnancy does physical abuse have on the infant? | low birth weight, pretermers |
| What is shaken baby syndrome? | vigorous shaking of an infant that leads to whiplash induced bleeding withint the brain with no external signs of injury |
| What age group is highest risk for rape? | 15-24 years old |
| What feelings post rape are experienced? | anger, frustration, loss of control, fear, shame, and guilt, need to retreat to a safe place |
| What is forensic evidence with regards to rape? | information gathered for legal purposes |
| What is the first priority of care for victims of violence? | ensure safety and security |
| What is suicide? | the act of intentionally taking ones own life |
| What are some examples of direct self destructive behaviors? | active suicide behavior - threats, gestures, attempts (the individual INTENDS to take his life) |
| What are indirect self destructive behaviors? | behaviors or actions that may result in harm to the individuals health or well being (NO actual intent to take ones life) |
| What do self injuries do? | reaffirm that the individual is still alive |
| What is the last and ultimate maladaptive self protective response? | suicide |
| 20% of all suicides occur with who? | white older men who are more than 65 years of age |
| What has a strong influence on the occurrence of suicide? | the inability to meet ones own needs |
| What is rational suicide? | when the decision for suicide was made freely and rationally with a sound mind |
| When is rational suicide usually applied? | those with HIV or those who want to choose the time of their passing |
| What is ambivelence? | state in which an individual experiences conflicting feelings, attitudes or drives |
| In suicidal persons anger is turned___________ | inward |
| Fears of being ___________ add to the dynamics of suicide | being rejected |
| Guilt can lead to __________ | suicide |
| What neurotransmitter has been associated with mood balance? | serotonin |
| What is survivor guilt? | when the survivor often thinks they could have done something to prevent the event |
| What is the key to recognizing the suicide intent in children? | changes in behavior |
| What factors come into play with adolescent suicide? | depression poor impulse control and emotional isolation |
| The incidence of suicidal behaviors in children who suffer from ____________ increases | chronic disease |
| _________ attempt suicide three times more frequently than ___________ but ___________ are more likely to succeed. | (in order) women, men, men |
| ___________ is a factor in adult suicides | loneliness |
| What is passive suicide? | the older adult refuses to eat, drink or cooperate with care |
| What are the three ways that older adults view the timing of death? | god controlled, physician and individual controlled and controlled by the individual alone |
| What is a suicidal ideation | thoughts or fantasies that are expressed but have not defnite intent |
| What is a suicidal threat? | verbal or written expressions of the intent to take one's own life |
| What is a suicidal gesture? | actions that result in little or no injury but comunicate the intent to commit suicide |
| What are parasuicidal behaviors? | unsuccessful attempts and gestures associated with the low likelihood of success |
| What are suicidal attempts? | serious self directed actions that are intended to do harm or end life |
| What is a completed suicide? | successful attempt to end one's life |
| What is the 1st priority of care of suicidal clients? | protection from harm |
| What is one of the most important THERAPEUTIC interventions (after ensuring safety)? | establish rapport with the client |
| What is a substance? | a drug of abuse, a medication, or a toxin |
| What is substance use? | ingesting of any chemical tha taffects the body ; includes legal, illegal and medicinal substances |
| What is an abused substance? | chemicals that alter the individual's perception by affecting the CNS |
| What is substance abuse? | excessive use of a substance that differs from societal norms |
| When does habituation occur? | when an individual depends on a substance to provide pleasure or relief |
| When does substance dependency occur? | when a user must take his or her usual dose of the drug to prevent the onset of withdrawal signs and symptoms |
| When is the term addiction used? | when the dependence on the substance is physical |
| What is abstinence? | when an addicted individual is not using an addictive substance |
| What safe drugs are there for pregnant women? | none |
| What are the characteristics of children who are born under the effects of cocaine? | sleeping disorders, eating problems, irritability and high pitched cries |
| What substances might a child abuse? | caffeine |
| What is the leading cause of death of 15-24 year olds? | alcohol |
| Narcotics are _________ depressants | CNS |
| Opium is classified as a ______________ | narcotic |
| What forms is opium found in? | raw or processed |
| What does pure heroin look like? | white, bitter tasting powder |
| What is the main ingredient of coffee, black tea and colas? | caffeine |
| What is caffeine classified as? | a stimulant |
| _________ is a type of processed cocaine | crack |
| __________ alters one's perception of reality | hallucinogens |
| What was PCP originally used for? | animal tranquilizers |
| Why is PCP so dangerous? | because it causes people to behave in unpredictable violent ways |
| What is cannabis? | marijuana |
| Ex, X, ecstay, ice, STP are all examples of ? | designer drugs, synthetically produced by underground chemists |
| What is one of the most effective painkillers available? | morphine |
| Hydromorphone is a derivative of? | opium |
| Ritalin is a ___________ | stimulant for ADHD |
| What drug classes are commonly abused by the elderly? | laxatives and diuretics |
| What are the most commonly inhaled substances? | alcohol solvents, gasoline, glue, paint thinner, spray paints |
| What are the stages of addiction? | early stage, middle (crucial) and chronic (late) stage |
| What is intoxication? | state of maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes resulting from exposure to certain chemicals |
| During the __________stage of addiction the intoxicating episodes increase as the body attempts to compensate | middle stage |
| During what stage of addiction is the tolerance level quite high? | late stage |
| What is methadone used for? | it treats heroin addiction |
| What is a relapse? | recurrence of the substance abusing behavior after a single period of abstinence |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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