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Anatomy
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most unipolar neurons are sually: | Sensory Neurons |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | Integrating sensory information, Evaluating the information, and Initiating an outgoing response |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies. |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called | Nuclei |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? | Hypoglossal |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population. |
| If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation? | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. | femoral |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system. |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus. | Coccygeal |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | facial |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. | zona reticularis |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | thymus gland |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm | adenohypophysis |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | Iodine |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. | tectorial membrane |
| The basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ. |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Renal vein drain blood from the | Kidney |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | Erythropoietin. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a | E wave |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium. |
| The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the: | lower percentage of proteins in lymph and interstitial fluid |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | all of the above a)thinner walls, b)more valves, c)contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. |
| The breast_____the mammary gland and surrounding tissue_____is drained by the: | a. lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple, b. lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| __________ of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region. | More than 85% |
| The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood plasma is: | IgG |
| The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called: | self-tolerance |
| If a blood test indicated that a person had a high level of IgM antibodies in the blood, it could be concluded that: | the person's body is responding to the initial exposure to an antigen |
| The antibody associated with allergic reaction is: | IgE |
| Specific immunity is controlled by tow classes of lymphocytes called: | T and B cells |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called | oropharynx. |
| oropharynx. | The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae. |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis. |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea |
| Which of the following is not a part of the respiratory membrane? | Ciliated respiratoy mucosa |
| The esutachian tube connect the middle ear with? | nasopharynx |
| The external opening of the nasal cavities can be referred to as the? | nostrils, anterior nares,external nares |
| A synapse consists of: | a synaptic knob, cleft, the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron |
| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called: | saltatory conduction. |
| Serotonin is an example of a(n): | amine neurotransmitter. |
| Which is true of an action potential? | The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged. |
| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | amines. |
| Which of the following is not used by the body as a neurotransmitter? | Nitric oxide Acetylcholine Carbon monoxide are all used as neurotransmitters |
| A synaptic knob would be located on a(n) | axon |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins |
| For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, which of the following channels must open? | Potassium and/or chloride channels |
| Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through: | the frequency of nerve impulses. |
| Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect? | They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
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