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BellaireBIO Unit 11

Bellaire BIO9 Unit 11 Medelian and Molecular Genetics

QuestionAnswer
allele An alternative form of a gene.
chromosome A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
chromosome pair A pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; Homologous chromosomes line up and synapse during meiosis.
co-dominant traits A phenotype situation in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote.
dominant trait In a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype
gene encoding the information in genes that code for specific proteins
gene expression the actual product resulting from the gene encoding
genetic diversity the different genetic combinations within a gene pool
genetic mutation A rare change in the DNA of genes that ultimately create genetic diversity
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism
heterozygous A diploid organism that carries two different allelels at one or more genetic loci
homologous chromosomes Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same chracters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the father the other from the mother.
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
Law of independent assortment Mendel's second law, stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two traits are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes
Created by: kdewey
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