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Inside Earth Ch. 3
Volcanoes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| volcano | An erupting vent, through which molten rock surfaces; creating and destructing mountains. |
| magma | Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. |
| lava | Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface. |
| Ring of Fire | An area where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. |
| island arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench. |
| hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it. |
| magma chamber | A pocket of magma beneath Earth's surface. |
| pipe | A long tube into the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface. |
| vent | An opening of a volcano where magma is forced up. |
| lava flow | Melted rock flowing on the surface of the Earth. |
| crater | A circular depression at the top of a volcano. |
| silica | A material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon. |
| pahoehoe | A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, rope-like coils. |
| aa | A slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than pahoehoe. |
| pyroclastic flow | A super-heated cloud of ash, gas and rock. |
| active volcano | A volcano that is currently erupting or likely to erupt. |
| dormant volcano | A volcano that is not erupting but capable of erupting in the future. |
| extinct volcano | A volcano that no longer erupts and is in the process of eroding. |
| hot spring | A pool of groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma. |
| geyser | A fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground. |
| geothermal | Referring to underground heat that warms water, releases steam, and turns turbines and generators. |
| shield volcano | A type of volcano with long, low sloping sides, and lava erupting through vents and fissures. |
| cinder cone volcano | A type of volcano that is a steep cone shaped hill made of volcanic ash around a volcano's opening. |
| composite volcano | A type of volcano constructed of alternating layers of pyroclastic debris and lava flows. (also referred to as a stratocone volcano or stratovolcano) |
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beviskil11
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