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Mod 7B - Genetics
Second half Module 7 - Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autosomes | chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
| Sex chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Carriers | individuals who have one copy of an allele for a recessive trait but do not exhibit the trait |
| Polygenic inheritance | traits caused by the interaction among several genes, like height, skin color, and weight |
| Incomplete dominance | inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes |
| Epistasis | when one set of alleles affect how another set of alleles is expressed |
| Pleiotrophy | when a single gene can affect multiple observable traits (phenotypes) |
| Codominance | inheritance patter in which heterozygotes express the distinct phenotypes of both alleles |
| Antigen | a substance that, when introduced into the blood, triggers the production of an antibody |
| Antibody | specialized proteins in your immune system used to attack and destroy specific antigens |
| Rh Factor | refers to whether or not another antigen exists on the red blood cells |
| Autosomal inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
| Sex-linked inheritance | inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
| Gene Mutation | a radical change in the DNA of one or more alleles. Only occurs in gametes during meiosis. |
| Nucleotide | monomers that join together form nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. |
| Point Mutations | a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence |
| Silent mutation | a type of mutation that does not usually have an effect on the function of the protein |
| Chromosomal Mutations | changes in the chromosome structure in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
| Gamete | haploid cells produced by diploid cells for the purpose of sexual reproduction |
| Nondisjunction | a situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either non of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one of a particular chromosome in the gamete |
| Translocation | when a fragment from one chromosome attached to a non homologous chromosome |
| Crossing Over | when two homologous chromosome exchange sections of DNA |
| Genome | a complete set of an organism's genetic information encoded in its DNA |
| Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) | short sequences of DNA that are repeated numerous times at various locations in the noncoding region of a chromosome |
| Restriction enzyme | an enzyme that recognizes and cuts DNA only at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Plasmid | a small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code |
| Recombinant DNA | taking DNA from two different species and combining them in one cell |
| Genetically modified organism | an organism that has been genetically altered by humans |
| Transgenetic organism | an organism that carries one or more genes from a different species |
Created by:
MelRodriguez
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