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Cycle 2 Vocab: All
All the key terms from cycle 2.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aerosols | Tiny particles or droplets suspended in the air, which can influence climate by affecting cloud formation and reflecting or absorbing sunlight. |
| Albedo | The reflectivity of a surface, particularly the Earth's surface, which affects the amount of solar radiation it absorbs or reflects. |
| Anaphase | The stage of cell division in which sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons during a chemical reaction. |
| Anthropogenic | Resulting from human activities, particularly those that contribute to environmental change. |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death, a natural process in the body that eliminates damaged, unnecessary, or unhealthy cells. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding a celestial body, such as the Earth, held in place by gravity. |
| Attitude | The orientation of an image formed - either upright or inverted |
| Bioluminescence | The production and emission of light by living organisms, such as fireflies and certain types of jellyfish. |
| Biome | A large geographic biotic unit, characterized by specific plant and animal communities adapted to a particular climate. |
| Boreal forest | A biome characterized by coniferous trees and cold temperatures, also known as taiga. |
| Cancer | A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth, often forming tumors. |
| Cation | A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons during a chemical reaction. |
| Cell cycle | The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. |
| Cell membrane | The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Cell wall | A rigid outer layer in plant cells that provides structural support and protection. |
| Centriole | A small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the formation of the spindle fibers during cell division. |
| Chemical formula | A symbolic representation that indicates the elements present in a compound and the ratio of their atoms. |
| Chemical name | The name that identifies a chemical compound based on the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature system. |
| Chemical reaction | A process in which substances (reactants) transform into new substances (products) through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. |
| Chemiluminescence | The emission of light resulting from a chemical reaction, often seen in processes like the glow of a glow stick. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place, converting sunlight into chemical energy. |
| Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. |
| Climate | The long-term average of weather conditions in a particular region, including temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions. |
| Climate refugee | A person displaced from their home due to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels or extreme weather events. |
| Climate zone | A region with a particular climate type, often classified based on temperature and precipitation patterns. |
| Climatograph | A visual representation of a location's climate, typically showing temperature and precipitation data over a specific period. |
| Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions. |
| Covalent bond | A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. |
| Currents | Continuous, directed movements of ocean water influenced by factors such as wind, temperature, and salinity. |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm during cell division, resulting in two daughter cells. |
| Cytoplasm | The gel-like substance inside a cell, containing organelles, cytosol, and various cellular structures. |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of protein filaments within a cell that provides structural support, aids in cellular movement, and maintains cell shape. |
| Desert | A biome characterized by low precipitation levels, often resulting in arid or semi-arid conditions. |
| Electric discharge | The release and flow of electricity through a medium, often producing light, as seen in phenomena like lightning. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids. |
| Fluorescence | The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. |
| Glacier | A large mass of ice that forms from the accumulation and compaction of snow over time. |
| Golgi apparatus/body | A cellular organelle that processes, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion. |
| Grassland | A biome dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants, with varying levels of precipitation. |
| Greenhouse effect | The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases, contributing to the warming of the planet. |
| Heat reservoir | A substance or area capable of storing and releasing heat, influencing local climate. |
| Hydrosphere | The combined water components on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor. |
| Ice sheet | A large, continuous mass of glacial ice covering more than 50,000 square kilometers. |
| Incandescent | Emitting light as a result of being heated, such as the light produced by a traditional light bulb. |
| Incident ray | The incoming ray of light that strikes a surface. |
| Industrial revolution | A period of significant social, economic, and technological change, marked by the transition to industrial manufacturing processes. |
| Interphase | The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for cell division, encompassing G1, S, and G2 phases. |
| Ion | An electrically charged particle resulting from the loss or gain of electrons by an atom. |
| Ionic | Relating to ions or compounds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms. |
| Ionic bond | A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| Jet stream | High-altitude, fast-moving air currents in the atmosphere that influence weather patterns. |
| Lewis Dot Diagram | A visual representation of the arrangement of valence electrons around an atom, often used to predict bonding patterns. |
| Light emitting diode (LED) | A semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. |
| Lysosomes | Membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris. |
| Metaphase | The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell's equator. |
| Mitochondria | Organelles responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration. |
| Mitosis | The process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. |
| Molecular | Pertaining to molecules, which are groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound, consisting of two or more atoms bonded together. |
| Multivalent metal | A metal that can form ions with different positive charges (valencies). |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence, which can lead to variations in traits. |
| Nuclear membrane | The double membrane surrounding the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. |
| Nucleolus | A structure within the nucleus that is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. |
| Nucleus | The central organelle that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities. |
| Organism | A living individual capable of carrying out basic life processes. |
| Permanent ice | Ice that remains frozen throughout the year, such as in polar regions. |
| Phosphorescence | The emission of light observed after a material has absorbed photons and undergone electronic transitions, often with a delay after the excitation. |
| Plane mirror | A flat mirror with a reflective surface, reflecting light without distortion. |
| Polar | Regions near the Earth's poles, characterized by cold temperatures. |
| Polyatomic ion | An ion composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge. |
| Precipitation | Any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground. |
| Prevailing winds | Dominant wind patterns that consistently blow in a particular direction over a given region. |
| Prophase | The initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and become visible. |
| Radiation | Energy transmitted in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. |
| Real image | An image formed when actual light rays converge, typically on a screen or surface. |
| Reflected ray | The outgoing ray of light after it strikes a surface and is reflected. |
| Reflection | The process by which light or other electromagnetic waves bounce off a surface. |
| Tectonic plate | Large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact, leading to geological phenomena such as earthquakes and mountain formation. |
| Telophase | The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes de-condense, and two new nuclei form. |
| Temperate | Regions with moderate temperatures, neither too hot nor too cold. |
| Temperate deciduous forest | A biome characterized by deciduous trees and moderate temperatures. |
| Temperate rainforest | A biome characterized by high rainfall and moderate temperatures, supporting lush vegetation. |
| Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, often used to describe the warmth or coldness of an environment. |
| Triboluminescence | The emission of light resulting from mechanical action on certain crystals or materials, like the light produced when you crush a wintergreen candy in the dark. |
| Tropical | Regions near the equator with warm temperatures and high humidity. |
| Tropical rainforest | A biome characterized by high rainfall and a diverse array of plant and animal species. |
| Tundra | A biome characterized by low temperatures, short growing seasons, and permafrost. |
| Type 1 metal | A metal that forms only one type of positive ion (cation) with a fixed charge. |
| Vacuoles | Membrane-bound sacs in cells that store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure. |
| Valence electron | An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom, involved in bonding and determining the chemical properties of an element. |
| Vesicles | Small membrane sacs that transport and store substances within a cell. |
| Virtual image | An image that appears to be formed by the apparent intersection of light rays, but the rays do not actually converge at that point. |
| Virtual ray | An imaginary line representing the path of light in diagrams, indicating the perceived direction of light without actual convergence. |
Created by:
mrsvanasseldonk
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