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Rep/Domest of Plants
BIO 5 EXAM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angiosperms | the most important group of plants in terrestrial ecosystems and agriculture |
| gametophytes produce... | haploid gametes by mitosis |
| angiosperm life cycle | three F's: flowers, double fertilization, fruits |
| receptacle | a part of the stem where flowers attach |
| stigma | where the pollen lands |
| pistil | a single carpel or group of fused carpels |
| anther | pollen sacs that produce pollen |
| complete flower | contain all four floral organs |
| incomplete flower | lack one or more floral organs |
| inflorescences | clusters of flowers |
| major stages of the angiosperm life cycle: | gametophyte development, pollination, double fertilization, and seed development |
| embryo sac | female gametophyte; develops within the ovule |
| megaspores | one cell in the megasporangia undergoes meiosis producing four of these; only one survive |
| microspores | diploid cells within the microsporangia, or pollen sacs, of anthers undergo meiosis to produce these |
| pollen grain | consists of the two-celled male gametophyte and the spore wall |
| pollination | occurs when a pollen grain is transferred to a receptive stigma |
| pollen tube | if pollination succeeds, a pollen grain produces a ___ that grows down the style into the ovary and discharges two sperm cells near the embryo sac |
| endosperm | one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other combines with the polar nuclei, giving rise to the triploid food storing __ (3n) |
| double fertilization | ensures that endosperm only develops in ovules containing fertilized eggs |
| when a seed germinates... | the embryo develops into a new sporophyte |
| coevolution | the joint evolution of two interacting species each in response to selection imposed by the other |
| abiotic pollination by wind | occurs in angiosperms including grasses and many trees |
| pollination by insects | including bees, moths, butterflies, flies, and beetles occurs in about 65% of all angiosperms |
| floral adaptations to attract bees: | production of nectar, sweet fragrance, brightly colored petals, nectar guides |
| pollination by bats | occurs in plants that produce light-colored aromatic flowers |
| pollination by birds | occurs in plants that produce large bright red or yellow flowers with little odor and large quantities of nectar |
| a mature seed | consists of a dormant embryo surrounded by stored food and protective layers |
| seed coat | the embryo and its food supply are enclosed by a hard protective __ |
| dormancy | a state the seed enters where it stops growing and slows metabolism |
| cotyledons | absorb nutrients from the endosperm and transfer them to the embryo when the seed germinates |
| coleoptile | covering the young shoot; a sheath that encloses the embryo of a grass seed |
| coleorhiza | covering the young root; a sheath that encloses the embryo of a grass seed |
| breaking of seed dormancy: | requires environmental cues, such as temperature of light changes |
| imbibition | the uptake of water due to low water potential of the dry seed |
| fruit | mature ovary of the flower; protects the enclosed seeds and aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals |
| simple fruits | from a single of several fused carpels |
| aggregate fruits | from a single flower with multiple separate carpels |
| multiple fruits |
Created by:
lainey2790
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