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Cetacean Foraging
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Balance Growth Equation | Ingestion= egestion (fecal energy) + excretion (urinary energy) + metabolism + growth + reproduction |
| How Can we Study marine mammal foraging? | 1. Direct Visual Observation 2. From diving records by TDR's 3. Examing the hard parts of prey that remain after being eaten ( stomach contents, stomach lavage, scat analysis) 4. fatty acid signature |
| Ingested Engery | energy the animal takes in as food |
| Baleen probably evolved in response to a(n).. | increase in zooplankton abundance |
| Mysticete feed by.. | filtering out small prey in their baleen |
| How is baleen morphology related to diet | fine baleen is best for small crustaceans like krill or copepods. Coarse baleen is best for catching larger fish |
| Family Balaenidae | right and bowhead whales: 250-390 very long and fine baleen plates. They have a highly arched upper jaw to accommodate these long plates. |
| "Skimmers" | Swim near the surface or at shallow depths with their mouths open, continuously skimming zooplankton as they move along. Water enters the front of the mouth, and exits through the baleen along the sides, trapping the prey. |
| Family Eschrischtiidae | Gray Whales: have about 140 short, stout, coarse, baleen plate adated for feeding on small crustaceans (amphipods) that live in the bottom sediments. east about 150,00kg of amiphipods/year while only feeding 130-140 days...1000kg/day |
| "Muckers" | roll onto their sides and skim the muddy bottom of the sea, engulfing mouthfuls of sediments and filtering out the benthic amphipods. They can also feed by the surface |
| Family Balaneopteridae | (blue,fin,humpback,minke,etc.) also nown as the rorquals: they have moderately coarse baleen, depending on the species, with 270-430 plates |
| "Gulpers" | they engulf entire prety school in a single mouthful. Their forward lunging motion forces the throar grooves to expand to hold enormous volumes of water that they take in, the tonque then forces the water out through the baleen, trapping the prey |
| Bubble Net Feeding | one or two whales will swim in circles below a prew swarm & as they do so they exhale a stream of bubbles. The bubble form a curtain around the prey patch, concentrating them in the center of the "net" & preventing them from escaping. |
| Fish Whacking | Involves slapping with the flukes to stun or ill them or flicking fish into the air with the flukes and catching it in the mouth |
| Kerplinking | common in sea grass beds, where dolphins splash their flues into the water, scaring fish out of the sea grass and limiting their escape routes with the bubble cloud |
| Cater Feeding | Dolphins use echolocation to find prey under the sediments, the dig in and capture the buried fish |
| Strand Feeding | a group of dolphins chasing fish out of the water and onto shore. the dolphin then strand themselves and take their time eating the fish. This is a highly coordinated group effort, with acoustic signaling the attack |
| DSL | Deep Scattering Layer |
Created by:
srdnoodle
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