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Cell Cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell division | process in which a cell divides into two new identical daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | "process of reproduction with a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| egg/ovum | forms from female reproductive organ |
| one parent cell makes two identical | diploid cells with the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| zygote | cell that forms from fertilization |
| Mitosis in body/somatic cells | regular number of chromosomes of the parent organism |
| "sexual reproduction | "type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| Meiosis I and II | process that produces haploid sex cells |
| Meiosis II | make 4 non-identical haploid daughter cells at the end |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next |
| chromatin | substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
| cell cycle | "series of events in which a cell grows prepares for division |
| interphase | "the longest period of the cell cycle where the stages G1 S and G2 take place" |
| mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
| G1 phase | Cell Grows in size and makes new organelles |
| S phase | DNA Replication |
| G2 phase | Preparing for Cell Division |
| M phase | Cell Division |
| I P M A T C | Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| telophase | phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin |
| chromatid | one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |
| centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| growth factor | one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| apoptosis | the process of programmed cell death |
| cancer | disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth |
| tumor | mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue |
| embryo | developing stage of a multicellular organism |
| differentiation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| totipotent stem cells | cells that are able to develop into ANY TYPE of cell found in the body These MUST come from a zygote |
| blastocyst | stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells |
| pluripotent stem cells | "cells that are capable of developing into most |
| stem cell | unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells |
| multipotent stem cells | cell with limited potential to develop into a certain type of cell within a tissue. These come from an adult body cell |
| MITosis | Make it two Remember two identical cells |
| cyto- | cell |
| Ethical questions about stem cell usage in medical research | The medical research involves people's opinions about what is considered life and death. Especially when it comes to an embryo/fetus. |
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