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Chapter 8 geo time

TermDefinition
Radioactive The description of an unstable atomic element that is decaying and releasing particles of radioactive energy
Blocking sunlight May decrease temperatures on the Earth's surface by reflecting sunlight and energy back into space
Conduction The transfer of energy through the contact between atoms
Convection The transfer of energy through the movement of heated material
albedo The percentage of light that is reflected by a particular surface.
What type of surfaces have a really high albedo? Light, flat and shiny like ICE
Element A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
organic A term that describes rocks composed (made of) material from living or once living organisms?
Biogeochemical cycle Carbon cycle
uniformitarianism The principle that Earth's history can be explained by current geologic processes is called....
the law of superposition Younger layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock are above older layers according to which choice?
relative age The age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects is
formed during the same period of time Index fossils found in rock layers in different areas of the world indicate that the rock layers
Unconformity An interruption in the geologic record is called which of the following?
Absolute age The numeric age of an object, rock or fossil
trace fossil A type of fossil is fossilized animal tracks?
Mummification A "fossil" formed when organic matter dies in an environment too harsh and/or dry for bacteria to decay and rot the matter
Horizontality The principle which states that sedimentary rocks left undisturbed will remain in horizontal layers.
Graded bedding Evidence left in strata from a quick moving lake or river, in which the heavy particles settled to the bottom of the lake faster than the smaller particles, creating this feature in the rock record.
a fault or body of rock is older than the body of rock that cuts through it. The law of crosscutting relationships states that
relative age The law of superposition can be used to determine which of the following
Radiometric dating A method of determining the absolute age of an object by comparing the relative percentages of radioactive parent isotope to the stable daughter isotope is called....
carbon dating The ages of wood, bones, shells, and other organic remains that are included in the layers of strata and that are less than 70,000 years old can be determined by using which method?
Paleontology is the study of.... fossils
This method of fossilization requires a mineral rich solution that replaces the original organic matter of the organism over time leaving in its a place a nearly perfect mineral replica of the organism. Petrification
Index fossils A type of fossils that geologists can use to date sedimentary rocks
What did John Hutton theorize? Uniformitarianism
Strata Layers of rock
isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called
Partent isotope The original radioacive isotope in a decaying rock
imprint fossil Displays the surface features of an organism
coprolite A fossil that gives clues about the organisms diet
trace fossil fossils left behind by the actions and behaviors of the organisms, like a footprint or burrow
You have a sample of carbon-14, which has a half life of approximately 6,000 years. The sample is 5,985 years old and has a mass of 14 grams. What was the original mass of the sample? 28 grams
Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How much sodium-24 will remain in an 18.0 g sample after 30 hours? 4.5 grams
Created by: LisaHenning
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