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Skeletal System All
All Vocabulary for Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| axial skeleton | skull, vertebral column, bony thorax |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of the limbs and girdles |
| functions of the bone | support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation |
| things stored by the bones | fat, calcium, phosphorous |
| compact bone | dense, smooth looking bone |
| spongy bone | bone composed of small, needlelike pieces; lots of space |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| epiphyses | ends of long bone |
| periosteum | connective tissue membrane surrounding diaphysis |
| epiphyseal plate | hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| Parathyroid hormone | hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels |
| two factors responsible for for bone remodeling | calcium levels; pull of gravity and muscles |
| reduction | realignment of broken bone ends |
| first step of bone fracture repair | hematoma is formed |
| second step of bone fracture repair | break is splinted by fibrocartilage |
| third step of bone fracture repair | bony callus is formed |
| fourth step of bone fracture repair | bone remodeling occurs |
| hyoid bone | only bone that does not directly come in contact with other bones |
| mandible | only bone with a movable joint in the face |
| articular cartilage | covers ends of long bones; decreases friction |
| closed fracture | bone fracture that does not break through the skin |
| suture | immovable joint in the cranium |
| sagittal suture | connects two parietal bones together |
| foramen magnum | large opening in occipital bone that allows spinal cord to attach to brain |
| lacrimal bone | allows tears to travel down |
| zygomatic bone | cheek bone |
| 7 | number of bones that make up the cervical vertebrae |
| 12 | number of bones that make up the thoracic vertebrae |
| 5 | number of bones that make up the lumbar vertebrae |
| invertebral discs | pads of flexible fibrocartilage that cushion between vertebrae |
| vertebral foramen | canal through which spinal cord passes |
| atlas | C1 bone; allows one to nod |
| axis | C2 bone; allows one to pivot neck |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| bones that make up the sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| true ribs | first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum |
| false ribs | last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum |
| floating ribs | last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum |
| shoulder girdle | clavicle and scapula |
| carpal bones | bones of the wrist |
| metacarpals | bones of the palm |
| pelvic girdle | two coxal bones (aka hip bones) |
| femur | thigh bone |
| patellar surface | smooth area where patella rests to form knee cap |
| tibia | shinbone |
| calcaneus | heelbone |
| talus | ankle |
| metatarsals | sole of the foot |
| functions of joints | hold bones together; give mobility |
| synarthroses | immovable joint |
| amphiarthroses | slightly movable joints |
| diarthroses | freely movable joints |
| functional classification of joints | synarthroses; amphiarthroses; diarthroses |
| synovial joints | bone ends separated by joint cavity w/synovial fluid; i.e knee |
| features of synovial joints | articular cartilage; fibrous articular capsule; joint cavity; reinforcing ligaments |
| gliding joint | short slipping or gliding movements; i.e. carpals |
| hinge joint | angular movement allowed in one plane; i.e. elbow |
| pivot joint | rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus |
| ball and socket joint | spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another; i.e. shoulder |
| types of synovial joints | plane, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket (condyloid and saddle) |
| condyloid joint | proximal phalanx with the metacarpal |
| saddle joint | thumb metacarpal and carpal joint |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between the joint |
| extension | increasing the angle between a joint |
| adduction | bringing the arms or legs back to the midline |
| abduction | taking the arms or legs away from the midline |
| circumduction | arm or legs circles around |
| rotation | arms or legs twisting motion |
| supination | palms up |
| pronation | palms down |
| inversion | soles of feet toward the inside |
| eversion | soles of feet pointed outward |
| elevation | raising the shoulders |
| depression | lowering the shoulders |
| osteoarthritis | deterioration of the articular cartilage |
| rheumatoid arthritis | synovial membrane becomes inflamed |
| gout | excessive build up of uric acid. |
Created by:
brookebiery
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