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Weather
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| map | a flat, 2-dimensional drawing of land and water |
| globe | a spherical scale model of the earth |
| latitude | geographic coordinate that specifies the north and south of the equator |
| longitude | distance measured in degrees east or west from an imaginary line that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole and that passes through Greenwich, England |
| hemisphere | a half of the earth, usually divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by and imaginary line passed through the poles |
| weather | the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, precipitation |
| climate | the average weather conditions in an area over a long period |
| clouds | a collection of millions of tiny water droplets suspended in the air |
| condensation | the process of changing from gas to liquid |
| cirrus clouds | white wispy clouds that form at high altitudes and are always made up of ice crystals |
| hygrometer | a tool used to measure the amount of water vapor in the air |
| cumulus cloud | fair weather clouds with white puffy tops and dark flat bottoms |
| stratus cloud | lowest clouds that cover the sky like a thick grey blanket |
| cumulonimbus cloud | a huge vertical cloud that can produce a thunderstorm |
| nimbo/nimbus | precipitating cloud, such as a nimbostratus or cumulonimbus cloud |
| rain | moisture condensed from the atmosphere that falls visibly in separate drops |
| freezing rain | rain that freezes on impact with the ground or solid objects. |
| sleet | a form of precipitation consisting of ice pellets, often mixed with rain or snow. |
| snow | atmospheric water vapor frozen into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes or lying on the ground as a white layer. |
| hail | pellets of frozen rain which fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds. |
| rain gauge | a device for collecting and measuring the amount of rain which falls. |
| global winds | winds that are high up in the atmosphere |
| prevailing westerlies | global winds that affect our weather in the united states |
| sea breeze | a local wind that blows from the sea to the land |
| land breeze | a local wind that blows from the land to the sea |
| anemometer | measures wind speed |
| wind vane | measures wind direction |
| jet stream | a river of air in the atmosphere |
| cold front | The forward edge of an advancing mass of cold air that pushes under a mass of warm air |
| warm front | forms when a relatively moist, warm air mass slides up and over a cold air mass |
| atmosphere | The envelope of gasses surrounding the earth |
| precipitation | water that falls to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| evaporation | the process of changing from a liquid to a gas |
| gulf stream | a warm current that starts near the equator and moves from Florida all the way to Iceland |
| air mass | a large “bubble” of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout it |
| la Nina/ el nino | unusual warming or cooling of the seawater in the Pacific Ocean |
| temperature | the average speed of the particles in a substance |
| humidity | water vapor in the air |
| thermometer | a tool that measures temperature |
| barometer | a weather instrument that measures air pressure |
| front | a place where one air mass meets and pushes aside another air mass |
| hurricane | a very large and violent tropical storm |
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