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Biology - Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species | a class of things of the same kind and with the same name |
| Speciation | the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. |
| Population | all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves |
| Community | an interacting group of various species in a shared/ common location. |
| Ecosystem | a community or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment. |
| Biome | an area classified according to the species that live in that location. |
| Habitat | a place where an organism makes its home. |
| Niche | the role an organism plays in a community |
| Mutualism | a relationship in which both species are mutually benefited. |
| Parasitism | a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefited at the expense of the other. |
| Symbiosis | a close, prolonged association between two or more different biological species |
| Courtship | is the suite of behaviours displayed by an individual to attract and eventually reproduce with an individual of the opposite sex |
| Competition | the rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, mates, etc. |
| Host | a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism |
| Predator | an organism that consumes all or part of the body of another—living or recently killed—organism, which is its prey. " |
| Pray | animals that are killed and eaten by other animals. |
| Pheromones | a chemical substance (as a scent) that is produced by an animal and serves as a signal to other individuals of the same species to engage in some kind of behavior (as mating) |
| Eggs | An organic vessel where an embryo develops, and one in which the female of an animal species lay as a means of reproduction |
| Seeds | the fertilized, matured ovule that contains an embryonic plant, stored material and a protective coat or coats |
| Spoors | a cell that certain fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and bacteria produce. |
| Estivation | summer dormancy, that is, long-term torpor during summer for survival of hot and dry periods. |
| Pfiesteria | a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills. |
| Exponential growth | the unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, occurring when resources in its habitat are unlimited. |
| Carrying capacity | species' average population size in a particular habitat |
| Habituation | occurs when animals are exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly, and eventually stop responding to that stimulus. |
| Imprinting | form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object. |
| Learned Behavior | one that an organism develops as a result of experience |
| Classical conditioning (behavior) | a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent physiological stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a neutral stimulus |
| Trial and error learning | a basic method of learning that essentially all organisms use to learn new behaviors |
| Abiotic factor | a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment |
| Biotic factor | living things within an ecosystem |
| Nitrogen Fixation | a biological process in which the nitrogen gas is converted into a usable form for plants and other microbes |
| Decomposition | the first stage in the recycling of nutrients that have been used by an organism (plant or animal) to build its body. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar. |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which cells derive energy from glucose. |
| Food chain | a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. |
| Food web | consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. |
| Radiant energy | energy that is transferred by electromagnetic radiation, |
| Producers/ Autotrophs | an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals |
| Consumers/ Heterotrophs | an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients. |
| Decomposers | any organism that breaks down or eats decaying material for its energy source. |
| Biomass | the sum total mass of living organisms such as plants, animals, in a specific unit of area or volume of habitat |
| Energy pyramid | a graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem. |
| Trophic levels | the position of an organism in the food chain |
| Biodiversity | the variety of all living things and their interactions. |
| Active immunity | occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen |
| Passive immunity | when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. |
| Vaccines | teach the immune system how to recognize and fight off specific disease-causing germs. |
| Acid rain | any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. |
| Greenhouse effect | a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. |
| Habitat destruction | the elimination or alteration of the conditions necessary for animals and plants to survive |
| Waste lagoons | a lined earthen basin used to treat raw organic waste, and store treated solids and liquids |
| Climate change | significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of climate that occur over several decades or longer. |
| Global warming | the current rise in the average temperature of Earth's air and oceans. |
| Deforestation | the purposeful clearing of forested land. |
| Pesticides | kill, repel, or control forms of animal and plant life considered to damage or be a nuisance in agriculture and domestic life |
| Bioaccumulation | an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemical's concentration in the environment |
| Fossil Fuels | compound mixtures made of fossilized plant and animal remnants from millions of years ago. |
| Urbanization | the concentration of human populations into discrete areas |
| Ozone layer | the common term for the high concentration of ozone that is found in the stratosphere around 15–30km above the earth's surface. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun. |
| CFCs | Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. |
| Innate Behavior | behavior that's genetically hardwired in an organism and can be performed in response to a cue without prior experience |
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Iyonanashai
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