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DNA

Learning Statements

TermDefinition
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the sugar deoxyribose; forms chromosomes wrapped around a histone protein, contains the genetic code or instructions for making proteins; found in the nucleus of a cell
RNA ribonucleic acid; contains the sugar ribose, used to carry the instructions and to make proteins from the DNA code
Amino Acid Sequence determined by the code in deoxyribonucleic acid
Protein string of amino acids joined together by a peptide bond folded into specific shapes
mRNA carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome
tRNA brings the correct amino acid by matching complementary bases of mRNA
DNA Nitrogen Base Sequence codes for the traits of organisms ; determines the order of the amino acids to make proteins
Hydrogen Bonds weak bonds that hold complementary base pairs in DNA
Peptide Bonds holds amino acids to form proteins
Codon three nucleotides in a row which codes for a specific amino acid
Mutation change in a DNA nitrogen base sequence; may be harmful to an organism or may be beneficial for variation of an organism
Deletion Mutation a DNA nitrogen base is lost or deleted; may cause a frameshift mutation
Insertion Mutation a DNA nitrogen base is added; may cause a frameshift mutation
Substitution Mutation a DNA nitrogen base is replaced by a different nitrogen base
Nucleotide individual unit of a nucleic acid; contains a nitrogen base, phosphate, and a sugar
Transcription cellular process in the nucleus which synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template strand (complementary base pairing) to create proteins
Translation at the ribosome, tRNA uses the genetic code transcribed by mRNA to place amino acids into a specific sequence (complementary base pairing) to make a protein
Frameshift Mutation the deletion or insertion of a nitrogen base that causes the 3-base codons to shift in their grouping, resulting in incorrect codes (amino acids) from the point of mutation on (one of the most detrimental mutations to an organism)
Codon Chart Square or circular chart of amino acids associated with a mRNA codon
Helicase Enzyme which breaks the hydrogen bonds between DNA nitrogen bases
DNA Complementary Base Pairs adenine pairs with thymine; cytosine pairs with guanine
RNA Complementary Base Pairs adenine pairs with uracil; cytosine pairs with guanine
Sequence of nitrogen bases determines the order of amino acids for making proteins, codes for the traits of organisms
Created by: SaJohnson
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