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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a newborn? | birth to 24 hours |
| what is a neonate? | 24 hours to 1 month |
| what is an infant? | 1 month to 1 year |
| what is a toddler? | 1 year to 3 years |
| what is a preschooler? | 3 years to 5 years |
| what is school age? | 6 years to 12 years |
| what is an adolescent/teenager? | 13 years to 18 years |
| what is an adult? | 18 to 60 years |
| what is a geriatric? | over 60 years old |
| what are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis? | severe abdominal/menstruation/cramping pain, abnormal and heavy menstrual flow and dyspareunia. |
| what is endometritis? | infection of uterine lining that can cause miscarriage |
| what are the signs and symptoms of endometritis? | moderate to severe lower abdominal pain, bloody foul discharge and fever |
| what is CPR protocol for an infant? | 15:2 compressions to ventilation ratio at a compression rate of 100-120 per minute |
| what are the signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disorder/disease? | Infection of reproductive organs. Diffused lower abdominal pain. Gait shuffling when walking. Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, foul smelling yellow discharge. |
| what are the signs and symptoms of ruptured ovarian cyst? | moderate to severe unilateral abdominal pain that may radiate to back |
| what is dysmenorrhea? | painful menstruation |
| what is the dose for pedi for calcium chloride? | 20mg/kg slow IV/IO push |
| what is the innermost layer of the uterus? | endometrium |
| what is the thick middle layer of the uterus? | myometrium |
| what is the outermost layer of the uterus? | perimetrium |
| what is mittelschmerz? | abdominal pain associated with ovulation |
| what are the phases of the menstrual cycle? | proliferative, secretory, ischemic and menstrual phase |
| where does fertilization occur? | distal third of fallopian tubes |
| what is phase one of labor? | dilation stage - onset of true labor contractions and ends with complete dilation effacement of the cervix |
| what is the second phase of labor? | expulsion stage - begins with complete dilation of cervix and ends with the delivery of fetus |
| what is the third phase of labor? | begins immediately after birth of infant and ends with the delivery of placenta |
| what are the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia? | high blood pressure, vision changes, swelling, headache that will not go away |
| what are the fetal development stages? | mother and father's DNA creates zygote/embryo, blastocyst is created in week 3, embryonic period is during week 5-10 and fetus is developed at end of week 10 |
| how do you measure fundal height? | distance from pubic symphysis to the fundus |
| what does APGAR acronym stand for? | appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiratory rate |
| what medications would be indicated for a pediatric patient that is found bradycardia? | epi 1:10,000 0.01mg/kg |
| What is the range for acceptable APGAR scores? | 7-10 |
| when do you ventilate a neonate? | when their heart rate is less than 100bpm |
| what rate do you ventilate a neonate? | 40-60 breaths per minute |
| What is considered the most common ECG rhythm to find in a pediatric patient that is in cardiac arrest? | asystole |
| what are the joules for cardioversion on pedi? | 1j/kg up to 2j/kg |
| what are the joules for defibrillation on pedi? | 2j/kg up to 4j/kg |
| What is a normal heart rate and respiratory rate range for a neonate? | 30-60 respiratory rate, 100-180bpm |
| what are the rules for suctioning a pedi? | set pressure at 100mmHg or less for infants, suction for no more than 10 seconds and avoid stimulating vagus nerve that causes bradycardia |
| what would you do for complete foreign body airway obstruction? | CPR |
| At what heart rate must you assist ventilations in a neonate? | less than 100bpm |
| dose for diphenhydramine for pedi for anaphylactic shock | 1mg/kg maximum dose of 50mg |
| At what heart rate must you start compressions? | less than 60bpm |
| When do you suction a newborn and in what order? | immediately after birth if obvious obstruction to spontaneous breathing |
| What congenital anomalies may make intubation or bag mask valve ventilations more difficult? | cleft palate/lip due to unable to obtain an adequate seal for effective mask ventilation |
| why do you delay cord clamping (DCC)? | it minimizes likelihood of intraventricular hemorrhage |
| How do you perform proper resuscitation and CPR of a newborn? | 15:2 compressions to ventilation ratio at a compression rate of 100-120 per minute if 2 rescuer, 1 rescuer would be 30:2 |
| how many arteries are there in the umbilical cord? | 2 |
| how many veins are in the umbilical cord? | 1 |
| When dealing with the pediatric patient in a behavioral crisis, you should: | allow child to keep favorite toy or blanket |
| when do posterior fontanelles close? | 3-6 months |
| when do anterior fontanelles close? | 9-18 months |
| what is motor aphasia? | patient is unable to speak but can understand |
| what is sensory aphasia? | being unable to understand |
| what is global aphasia? | patient is unable to speak or understand |
| What is the main neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system? | norepi |
| What are the common complications in premature babies? | apnea, collapsed lungs, head or brain injury due to hypoxia, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypothermia and hypoglycemia |
| How does neurogenic shock present differently than all other types of shock. | warm, red and dry skin, low blood pressure and slow pulse |
| what does bronchial sounds represent? | blowing through hollow tube - pneumonia, asthma, acute bronchitis |
| what does wheezing represent? | blowing a horn - allergies/asthma |
| what does ronchi represent? | snoring - COPD |
| what does fine crackles/rales represent? | slurping your drink - pneumonia, heart disease, CF, bronchitis |
| what does stridor represent? | barking seal - croup, upper airway obstruction |
| what does adventitious lung sound mean? | abnormal lung sounds |
| What is the leading cause of seizures in pediatrics? | fever |
| How do you treat hyperglycemia? | 20ml/kg of fluid |
| what is hypoglycemia? | less than 45mg/dL |
| how do you treat hypoglycemia? | 2ml/kg of 10% dextrose IV/IO |
| Define Cushing’s triad | high blood pressure, low heart rate and irregular breathing |
| what is the purpose of cricoid pressure? | minimizes gastric inflation and passive regurgitation in unresponsive children |
| What are causes of dehydration in children? | diarrhea and electrolyte imbalances |
| What formula is used to calculate appropriate fluid resuscitation for a burn patient? | 4 x kg x BSA / 2 |
| define comorbidity | more than one disease at a time |
| what does polypharmacy? | too many medications |
| what is osteosporosis? | low bone mass/density that results in increased fracture risk, not due to calcium deficiency |
| what is osteogenesis? | bones that are brittle/soft due to calcium deficiency |
| What is osteoarthritis? | wear and tear on joints |
| Know the causes of dyspnea | pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary bronchial constriction, possible foreign body, pneumothorax and pump failure |
| What are the symptoms of dementia and what does dementia include? | memory loss, repeated questions, challenges in problem solving/planning, confusion with time and place, problem speaking/writing, misplacing items |
| what is glaucoma? | eye pressure increase |
| what are cataracts? | white and milky eye that causes blindness caused by hypertension and diabetes |
| what is ankylosing spondylitis (AS)? | spine grows together leading to stiffness |
| what is spinal stenosis? | wear and tear to synovial fluid |
| what is kyphosis? | curvature at the top of the spine |
| what is lordosis? | curvature at the bottom of the spine |
| what is tocolysis? | stopping labor |
| What is the definition of human trafficking? | trade of humans or the illegal movement of people |
| Define dysarthria | articulation disorder |
Created by:
dmurphy4689
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