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Cell Resp & Photo
Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell respiration equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) |
| aerobic respiration | Respiration that requires oxygen |
| Fermentation | Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| cytoplasm and mitochondria | Where does cellular respiration occur? |
| matrix | Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion, low [H+] |
| inner membrane | location of electron transport chain |
| cytoplasm | location of glycolysis and fermentation |
| matrix | location of Krebs cycle |
| glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid; first stage of cell repiration |
| reactants of glycolysis | glucose, ATP, NAD+ |
| NAD+ | electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| products of glycolysis | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH |
| Krebs cycle | second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is oxidized into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
| electron transport chain | 3rd stage of cell respiration; A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |
| O2 | final electron acceptor in etc |
| Reactants of Electron Transport Chain | NADH, FADH2, O2 |
| products of ETC | NAD+, FAD, H2O, |
| alcohol fermentation | occurs when no oxygen is present and glucose is broken down to pyruvate which is then broken down into ethanol (alcohol) |
| lactic acid fermentation | the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| glycolysis | carbs are broken down and enter cell respiration during this |
| 2 | fermentation produces how many ATP per glucose |
| 36-38 | aerobic cell respiration produces how many ATP per glucose |
| Photosynthesis equation | Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy. |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| stroma | fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids |
| light dependent reactions | reactions make ATP, NADPH, O2 |
| Calvin cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars |
| thylakoid membrane | where light dependent reactions take place |
| reactions of light reaction | light, NADP+, H2O, ADP, P |
| products of light reactions | ATP and NADPH, o2 |
| Calvin cycle | CO2 converted to sugar |
| reactants of Calvin cycle | CO2, ATP, NADPH |
| products of Calvin cycle | NADP+, ADP, and Glucose |
| FAD | electron carrier found only in Krebs cycle |
| NAD+ | electron carrier involved in glycolysis and Krebs cycle |
| NADPH | carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| ATP | compound used by cells to store and release energy; adenosine triphosphate |
| autotroph | organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer |
| photosynthesis (definition) | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| light-dependent reaction | set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| reactants of the light dependent | water, sunlight, ADP, NADP+ |
| Calvin Cycle | light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| reactants of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide and water |
| products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |
| products of dark reaction | glucose, ADP, NADP+ |
| aerobic respiration | Converting glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, ETC, total of 36-38 ATP, Location: mitochondria |
| anaerobic respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen; not as efficient as aerobic respiration |
| Mitochondria | Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration; plants have these too!! |
| fermentation | When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration. |
| glucose | C6H12O6; sugar that contains energy in bonds |
| Reactants | A starting material in a chemical reaction |
| Products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. |
| Cell respiration (definition) | the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds (glucose) in cells |
Created by:
brookebiery
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