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Honors Bio Ch17

Evolution in Populations

TermDefinition
Lateral (horizontal) gene transfer Movement of genetic material by other means than vertical transmission from parent(s) to offspring
Disruptive selection Type of selection in which intermediate phenotypes confer lower fitness than the extremes
Bottleneck effect Change in allele frequencies resulting from a dramatic reduction in population size
Stabilizing selection Type of selection in which individuals in the middle of a distribution curve have greater fitness than individuals at either end
Directional selection Type of selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have greater fitness than individuals in the middle or opposite end of the curve
Molecular clock Mutation rate used to estimate the amount of time that elapsed since two or more species shared a common ancestor
Founder effect Change in allele frequencies resulting from the migration of a small subgroup of a population
Temporal isolation Form of reproductive isolation in which species breed at different times
Behavioral isolation Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding
Species Population or group of populations whose members are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Sexual selection Selection of a mate based on traits such as size, strength, behavior, or coloration
Geographic isolation Separation of populations by geographic barriers such as mountains, rivers, or other bodies of water
Genetic equilibrium State in which the allele frequencies of a population do not change and no evolution takes place
Reproductive isolation Separation of members of a species or population so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into 2 separate species
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Concept stating that allele frequencies in a population remain constant when the following conditions are met: large population size, random mating, no migration, no mutation, and no natural selection
Created by: KES-HFHS
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