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Honors Bio Ch16
Natural Selection
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Principle of Common Descent | Idea that all species, living and extinct, are united by descent from ancient, common ancestors |
| Analogous structures | Body parts of organisms that share similar function but different structure and evolutionary development |
| Charles Darwin | English naturalist (1809-1882) best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution |
| Artificial Selection | Selective breeding |
| Fitness | How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment |
| Study of geographic distribution patterns of living and fossil species | Study of geographic distribution patterns of living and fossil species |
| Vestigial structures | Referring to ancestral traits that have diminished in size or functional capacity |
| Gene pool | All genes and alleles present in a population |
| Adaptive radiation | Process by which a single species evolves into divergent forms that fill different roles, or niches, in their environment |
| Convergent evolution | Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments |
| Adaptation | Heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce |
| Natural selection | Process by which organisms with variations most suited to their natural environment survive and leave more offspring; also called survival of the fittest |
| Homologous structures | Similar structures shared by related species and inherited from a common ancestor |
| Allele frequency | Percentage of an allele in the gene pool |
| Evolution | Change in the genetic make-up of a population over time; process by which modern organisms descended from ancient ones |