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Honors Bio Ch16

Natural Selection

TermDefinition
Principle of Common Descent Idea that all species, living and extinct, are united by descent from ancient, common ancestors
Analogous structures Body parts of organisms that share similar function but different structure and evolutionary development
Charles Darwin English naturalist (1809-1882) best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution
Artificial Selection Selective breeding
Fitness How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment
Study of geographic distribution patterns of living and fossil species Study of geographic distribution patterns of living and fossil species
Vestigial structures Referring to ancestral traits that have diminished in size or functional capacity
Gene pool All genes and alleles present in a population
Adaptive radiation Process by which a single species evolves into divergent forms that fill different roles, or niches, in their environment
Convergent evolution Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
Adaptation Heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
Natural selection Process by which organisms with variations most suited to their natural environment survive and leave more offspring; also called survival of the fittest
Homologous structures Similar structures shared by related species and inherited from a common ancestor
Allele frequency Percentage of an allele in the gene pool
Evolution Change in the genetic make-up of a population over time; process by which modern organisms descended from ancient ones
Created by: KES-HFHS
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