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ACID-BASE by AVRIL
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING MADE BY AVRIL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blood buffers | Buffers that circulate throughout the body in pairs |
| Lungs | Organs that regulate acid-base balance by altering the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood through changes in respiration rate |
| Kidneys | Organs that excrete varying amounts of acid or base to maintain the body's acid-base balance |
| pH | Symbol used to indicate hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; measured on a scale of 0 to 14 |
| Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) | Blood drawn from an artery |
| Respiratory Acidosis | Acid-base imbalance characterized by increased arterial carbon dioxide and decreased blood pH; caused by hypoventilation or lung disorders |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Acid-base imbalance due to excessive acid accumulation or bicarbonate loss |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | Acid-base imbalance characterized by decreased arterial carbon dioxide and increased blood pH; often caused by hyperventilation |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | Acid-base imbalance caused by excessive loss of acid or excessive gain of bicarbonate |
| Carbonic Acid | Formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | Important buffer in the blood |
| pH Scale | Measurement scale from 0 to 14 indicating the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; 7 is neutral |
| Chronic Respiratory Acidosis | Long-term imbalance with increased carbon dioxide and decreased blood pH; common in chronic lung diseases |
| Causes of Metabolic Acidosis | Etiologies include ketoacidosis |
| Acid-Base Balance | Maintenance of the body's hydrogen ion concentration within a narrow range to ensure proper physiological function |
| Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis | Long-term condition with decreased carbon dioxide and increased blood pH; often asymptomatic |
| Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis | Etiologies involve excessive vomiting |
| Respiratory Compensation | Mechanism where lungs adjust ventilation to regulate blood pH when there's metabolic acidosis/alkalosis |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Gas produced by the body's metabolism; regulated by the respiratory system to maintain acid-base balance |
| Hypoventilation | Breathing at an insufficient rate |
| Lactic Acidosis | Condition resulting from the buildup of lactic acid |
| Respiratory Compensation | Lungs' response to metabolic acidosis/alkalosis by altering ventilation to help regulate pH levels |
| Ketoacidosis | Acidosis caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies |
| Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) | Measure of carbon dioxide in the blood; an important factor in determining acid-base balance |
| Hyperventilation | Breathing at an increased rate |
| Tetany | Condition marked by involuntary muscle contractions due to altered electrolyte levels |
| Chvostek's Sign | Facial muscle spasm elicited by tapping the facial nerve; a possible indicator of hypocalcemia seen in alkalosis |
| Capillary Refill Time | Assessment of blood flow; prolonged time may indicate poor perfusion due to acid-base imbalances |
| Capnography | Monitoring method that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath |
| Oliguric Renal Disease | Condition characterized by decreased urine output; one of the causes of metabolic acidosis due to impaired kidney function |
| Hemodialysis | Medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood in cases of severe metabolic acidosis |
| Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disorders | Group of lung diseases causing airflow obstruction |
| Tetany | Condition marked by involuntary muscle contractions due to altered electrolyte levels |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Alkalizing agent used to treat severe cases of metabolic acidosis to help raise blood pH levels |
| Bronchodilators | Medications used to relax and widen the airways |
| Postural Drainage | Technique used to help clear mucus from the lungs |
| Salicylate Poisoning | Toxicity caused by excessive intake of aspirin or salicylates |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | Long-term condition affecting kidney function and potentially causing metabolic acidosis due to impaired acid excretion |
| Postural Hypotension | Drop in blood pressure upon changes in body position |
| Mechanical Ventilation | Method of supporting or taking over the breathing process through the use of a machine; used in severe respiratory acidosis |
| Capnometry | Continuous measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide levels to monitor ventilation status and assess respiratory function |
| Seizure Precautions | Safety measures implemented to prevent injury during potential seizures |
| Potassium Imbalance | Electrolyte disturbance often associated with acid-base imbalances |
| Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | Maintenance of adequate hydration and proper levels of minerals within the body to support acid-base equilibrium |
| Normal pH Range | The typical range for pH in the body's fluids |
| Normal Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) | The expected level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood |
| Normal Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Levels | The usual concentration of bicarbonate in the blood |
| Cardiovascular Monitoring in Acid-Base Imbalances | Continuous assessment of blood pressure |
| Respiratory Assessment in Acid-Base Imbalances | Evaluation of respiratory rate |
| Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Acid-Base Imbalances | Maintenance of appropriate hydration and electrolyte levels to support the correction of acid-base disturbances |
| Normal Blood pH | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Normal Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) | 35 - 45 mmHg |
| Normal Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | 22 - 26 mEq/L |
| Normal Potassium Levels | 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L |
| Normal Sodium Levels | 135 - 145 mEq/L |
| Normal Chloride Levels | 98 - 106 mEq/L |
| Normal Calcium Levels | 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL |
| Normal Magnesium Levels | 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L |
| Normal Phosphate Levels | 2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL |
Created by:
vrilaava
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