Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
HA Week 10
Health Assessment Exam 3- Musculoskeletal & Neurological
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the key concept of the musculoskeletal system? | mobility |
| ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| bursae | pouches of synovial fluid that cushions movement of tendons and muscles over bones |
| synovial joints | freely moveable ex: knee, shoulder |
| cartilaginous joints | slightly moveable ex: vertebral column |
| fibrous joints | no appreciable movement; hold bones together ex: sutures of skull |
| crepitus | grinding sound heard when there is a lack of bursae |
| flexion | movement that decreases the angle between 2 bones |
| extension | movement that increases the angle between 2 bones |
| hyperextension | movement of a body part beyond what is expected |
| supination | movement of a body part so the front side faces up |
| pronation | movement of a body part so the front side faces down |
| abduction | movement of a body part away from the midline |
| adduction | movement of a body part toward the midline |
| dorsiflexion | flexing the foot and toes upward |
| plantar flexion | bending the foot and toes downward |
| eversion | turning a body part away from the midline |
| inversion | turning a body part towards the midline |
| external rotation | rotating a joint outward |
| internal rotation | rotating a joint inward |
| red flags for serious underlying systemic disease | older than 50, history of cancer, unexplained weight loss, pain lasting > 1 month or not responding to treatment, pain at night or increased by rest, history of IV drug use, presence of infection |
| passive range of motion | HCP or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient |
| active range of motion | patient performs the exercise to move the joint without any assistance |
| paresis | weakness |
| plegia | paralysis in which all voluntary movement is lost |
| atrophy | decrease in muscle size due to disuse |
| hypertrophy | increase in muscle size due to strengthening |
| hypotonia | decreased muscle tone |
| flaccidity | weakness or paralysis with reduced muscle tone |
| spasticity | certain muscles are continuously contracted |
| what should you dod is joint trauma is present? | ask for an X-ray before attempting movement |
| no evidence of contractility | grade 0 |
| evidence of slight contractility | grade 1 |
| complete range of motion with gravity eliminated | grade 2 |
| complete range of motion with gravity | grade 3 |
| complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance | grade 4 |
| complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance | grade 5 |
| signs of inflammation and arthritis | swelling, warmth, tenderness, redness |
| strain | tearing or a tendon |
| sprain | trauma that results in stretching or tearing of ligaments |
| what device measures range of motion? | goniometer |
| acute rheumatoid arthritis | swelling and tenderness of the joints |
| chronic rheumatoid arthritis | muscular atrophy, swelling, deformities, ulnar deviation |
| palpation of vertebral step-offs | assess for pain/tenderness when palpating down spine |
| trapezius muscle strength | shrug shoulders test |
| kyphosis | exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine |
| lordosis | exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine |
| scoliosis | exaggerated curvature of the lateral spine |
| nerve root compression | pain in the back of the leg with 30-60 degrees indicates pressure or peripheral nerve caused by intervertebral disk |
| what is a sign og hip fracture? | lower leg external rotation |
| what is the largest joint in the body? | knee |
| what type of joint is the knee? | hinge joint |
| what bones are connected by the knee? | femur, tibia, patella |
| morse fall scale variables | history of falling, secondary diagnosis, ambulatory aid, IV access, gait, and mental status |
| morse fall scale 45 or higher | high risk |
| morse fall scale 25-44 | moderate risk |
| morse fall scale 0-24 | low risk |
| primary prevention for osteoporosis and arthritis | diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, weight bearing exercises, avoid smoking, avoid excessive alcohol use |
| secondary prevention for osteoporosis and arthritis | screening for women age 65 and older |
| what is the key concept for the neurological system? | intracranial regulation |
| somatic nervous system | conscious perception and voluntary motor response ex: reflexes |
| autonomic nervous system | involuntary control of the body for the sake of homeostasis |
| enteric nervous system | controlling the smooth muscle and glandular tissue in. your digestive system |
| mental status exams | mini-mental exam Glasgow coma scale |
| CN I (Olfactory) | test sense of smell on each side |
| CN II (Optic) | shelley chart for vision, check vision fields, and optic discs, pupillary reactions to light (wiggle finger test, cardinal fields) |
| CN III (Olfactory) | pupillary reactions to light, extra-ocular movements |
| CN IV (Trochlear) | extra-ocular movements |
| CN V (Trigeminal) | palpate the contractions of temporal and master muscles (jaw clinching), test corneal reflexes |
| CN VI (Abducens) | assess extra-ocular movements |
| CN VII (Facial) | ask the patient to raise eyebrows, frown, close eyes, show teeth, smile, puff out cheeks |
| CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear or Acoustic) | test hearing with whisper test, webber test, and rinne test |
| CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) & CN X (Vagus) | observe swallowing, listen to voice, and watch the soft palate rise with "AH", test gag reflexes |
| CN XI (Accessory) | sternocleidomastoid - have patient turn head against head; Trapezius (strength of shoulder shrug) |
| CN XII (Hypoglossal) | listen to the patient talk, inspect the resting tongue and protruding tongue |
| Romberg test | have the patient stand with feet together, arms resting at sides with eyes open and then eyes closed |
| positive Romberg test | patient moves a foot to maintain balance |
| what are ways you can assess balance? | Romberg test, standing on 1 foot with eyes closed, heal to toe walk, hopping |
| stereognosis | identification of a familiar object by touch |
| graphesthesia | draw letter or number on palm and ask patient to identify by touch |
| deep tendon reflex (0) | no response |
| deep tendon reflex (1+) | sluggish or diminished |
| deep tendon reflex (2+) | active or expected response |
| deep tendon reflex (3+) | slightly hyperactive, more brisk than normal; not necessarily pathologic |
| deep tendon reflex (4+) | brisk, hyperactive with intermittent clonus associated with disease |
| disease specific risk factors of stroke | atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, sleep apnea, sickle cell disorder |
| modifiable risk factors of stroke | HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, poor diet/nutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol |
| stroke treatment | BE FAST balance, eyes, face, arms, speech, time |
| traumatic brain injury prevention | use seat belts, safe riding/driving, do not drive under the influence, distracted driving, safety goggles, risk of falls, increase home safety |
Created by:
ballen9519
Popular Nursing sets