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Weather

Important Science Vocab

TermDefinition
Meteorologist Scientist who studies weather
Weather Forecast a prediction of future atmospheric conditions
Weather state of atmosphere at any point and time, wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, and air pressure
Climate the weather conditions of a certain place or season, averaged over years, decades, or centuries
Weather Map a picture of the earth that uses symbols to show weather data, conditions, and systems
Temperature degrees warm or cold F' and C'
Wind moving air
Wind Direction how fast or slow the wind is moving
Air Pressure the weight of the air pressing down on earth
Thermometer used to measure air pressure
Anemometer used to measure speed (miles per hour or mph)
Wind direction used to measure wind direction
Rain Gauge used to measure the amount of rain over a specific period of time
Hygrometer used to measure humidity
Barometer used to measure air pressure
Weather system all parts of the weather
Atmosphere a layer of gasses surrounding a planet. The earths atmosphere has 5 layers
Air Mass A large region of the atmosphere where the air has similar properties like temperature, humidity, air pressure.
Latitude The distance North or South of the Equator.
Longitude The distance East or West of the Prime Meridian.
Cloud A visible collection of water droplets or at colder temperatures ice crystals.
Stratus Low level clouds that spread out and look like a blanket covering the sky. Overcast weather, sometimes precipitation. Fog is a stratus cloud at ground level.
Nimbostratus Blanket-like cloud that produces rain, sleet, and/ or snow.
Cumulus Middle level cloud that looks like a pile of fluffy cotton. Flat base and rounded towers.
Cumulonimbus Tall cumulus clouds usually dark grey in color that result in heavy precipitation, especially thunderstorms.
Cirrus High level clouds that look thin and wispy like feathers. Made of ice crystals.
Nimbus A rain cloud. It may be used as a prefix or suffix of another cloud.
Global wind These winds move great distances over the globe. Predictable and stable.
Trade winds Winds that occur between 0'-30' latitude. They blow east to west and blow constantly toward the Equator.
Prevailing Wind A wind usually blows from one direction
Prevailing Westerlies Winds that occur between 30' and 60' in both hemispheres. They blow from west to east, and towards the poles.
Polar Easterlies Prevailing winds that occur between 60' and 90' in both hemispheres. They blow from east to west and blow away from the poles.
Jet stream A strong wind found 6-9 miles above the Earth's surface. It can reach speeds of 50-200 mph. Steer the movement of surface air masses and weather systems.
Sea breeze Convection current where air flows from the sea to land, typically during the daytime.
Land breeze Convection current where air flows from land to sea, typically during the nighttime.
Air pressure The weight of the air pressing down on the earth. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
Density How tightly packed the matter of an object is. Hot air and low pressure=less density. Cold air and high pressure =high density.
High pressure system Whirling mass of cool, dry air. It is heavy and dense so it sinks. Brings fair weather, sunny skies, light winds, and stable weather.
Low pressure system Whirling mass of warm, moist air. It is lighter and less dense so it rises and cooler air flows underneath. Low pressure brings storms, strong winds, and unstable changing weather.
Front A boundary between two air masses, resulting in stormy weather.
Cold front A boundary between two air masses one cold and one warm. It moves and the colder air replaces the warmer air.
Warm front A boundary between two air masses one cold and one warm moving so that the warm air replaces the cold air.
El Nino Unusual warming of the surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean causes changes in wind patterns that have a major effect on weather around the world.
El Nina Widespread cooling of the surface waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The opposite of El Nino.
Created by: 2122998237
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