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Gr9 Bio Ch2 Water
Bio Ch 2.3 Properties of Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Polarity? | a slight negative and slight positive charge on a molecule |
| How does Polarity impact Water ? | Polarity causes Hydrogen Bonding |
| What is Hydrogen Bonding? | Causes adhesion, cohesion, surface tension and high heat capacity |
| What is Hydrogen Bonding in Water? | Weak bond between partially positive H and a partially negative atom (like O) oxygen |
| What are Properties of Water? | 1) Ice floats 3) Water is a great solvent |
| Adhesion | Attraction between molecules of DIFFERENT substances Applies to life: - Water is a great solvent - Capillary action helps water travel up plants |
| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the SAME substance Applies to life: - Water’s cohesion creates a high surface tension - Ability of surface of liquid to resist external force Examples: water drop on a penny, some insects can “walk” on water |
| What is High heat capacity of water? | Because of its high heat capacity, water can minimize changes in temperature Example: land cools faster than the ocean when the sun goes down. Slow-cooling water can release heat to nearby land. |
| Why does Ice Float? | Because of hydrogen bonding, ice floats in water. |
| Why is water a great solvent? | The polar and ionic compounds dissolve in water Hydrophilic = water loving Cells are made of mostly water, so a lot of chemical reactions must take place in solution |
| Mixture | two or more substances that are physically mixed |
| suspension | a mixture made without dissolving Example: blood: cells sink to bottom if allowed to sit |
| solution | a mixture made with dissolving Example: salt water: salt dissolves & remains hidden in water |
| What is a solute? | a substance being dissolved in a solvent Ex. in salt water - SALT is the solute |
| What is a solvent? | a substance in which a solute dissolves Ex. in salt water - WATER is the solvent |
| What does pH mean? | potential of Hydrogen |
| Acid | A compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution (H+) - Acids turn litmus paper RED and usually taste SOUR - You eat acids daily (coffee, vinegar, soda, etc…) |
| Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution (OH-) Bases turn litmus BLUE Bases usually feel slippery to touch and taste BITTER |
| What is the pH Scale? | A measure of the level of acid or base in a solution |
| What is the range of the pH scale? | From 0 to 14 7 - water - neutral pH |
| Acid range and examples: a strong acid and a weak acid | Acid range: 0 to 6 0 - Battery Acid - very strong acid, 2 - lemon - strong 5 - Black Coffee - a weak acid |
| Base range and examples: a strong base and a weak base | Base range: 8 to 14 14 - Drain Cleaner - a very strong base 8 - Human Blood - a weak base |
| What Indicators are used to test for biological molecules | 1) Benedict’s solution - test for glucose. Orange + (has it), Blue - 2) Biuret’s solution - test for protein. Purple + (has it), Blue - 3) Iodine - test for starch. Blue/black+ (has it), Amber - |
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