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2.1.5 diabetes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Hypertonic | 1. having abnormally high tension or tone, esp. of the muscles. 2. having an osmotic pressure higher than that of an isotonic solution. |
| Hypotonic | having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid |
| Isotonic | of, relating to, or exhibiting equal osmotic pressure. |
| Diffusion | the spreading of something more widely. |
| Concentration Gradient | the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density. |
| Telemedicine / Telehealth | lets your health care provider care for you without an in-person office visit. |
| Hormones | a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. |
| Metabolism | the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
| Cellular Respiration Equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O. |
| Reactant(s) | a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. |
| Product(s) | an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level |
| Diabetes Mellitus | a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. |
| Type 1 Diabetes | A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. |
| Type 2 Diabetes | disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. |
| Gestational Diabetes | a condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood during pregnancy, typically resolving after the birth. |
| Hyperglycemia | high blood glucose (blood sugar). |
| Hypoglycemia | a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range |
| Autoimmune Disorder | A disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells. |
| Organic Macromolecules / Biomolecules | meaning they contain carbon. In addition, they may contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, |
| Carbohydrates | any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues. |
| Proteins | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc |
| Lipids | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Nucleic Acids | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Insulin | a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes. |
| Glucose | a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. |
| Glucagon | a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver. |
| Negative Feedback Loop | occurs to reduce the change or output |
| Positive Feedback Loop | when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. |
| Blood Glucose Meter (Glucometer) | an instrument for measuring the concentration of glucose in the blood. |
| Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) | using a device to automatically estimate your blood glucose level, also called blood sugar, throughout the day and night. |
| Insulin Pump | An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, |
| Pancreas | a long, flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach |
| Alpha Cell | endocrine cells that are found in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
| Beta Cells | cells that make insulin, a hormone that controls the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood |
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