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Water Quality
Water Quality and Treatment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| turbidity | how cloudy or opaque the water is due to stirred up sediment or particles in the water |
| potability/ potable | a measure of how suitable the water is for use |
| pH scale | the scale 0-14 to identify acids and bases. Acids are below 7 and; bases are above 7; 7 is neutral on the scale |
| Acid | Any substance below 7 on the pH scale. Common examples are lemon juice and vinegar |
| Base | Any substance above 7 on the pH scale. Common examples are bleach and ammonia (cleaning supplies) |
| Dissolved Oxygen | oxygen dissolved in water used as a measurement to indicate a healthy water system |
| Salinity | The amount of salt in a solution (i.e dissolved in water) |
| water quality | the term to describe the health of a water system |
| acid rain | rain that is more acidic then normal usually due to pollution |
| bio-indicators | Organisms that can indicate water quality based on how many of them are in a location |
| nitrates | nitrogen compounds used for growth by plants and algae |
| eutrophication | excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen. |
| pollutant | A substance that causes pollution. |
| Point-Source Pollution | A specific source of pollution that can be identified, such as a pipe. |
| Non-Point Source Pollution | pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site |
| Pesticide | A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops. |
| Primary Standards | Water quality standards that apply to contaminants in drinking water that can have health consequences |
| Secondary Standards | Water quality standards that apply to contaminants that may have aesthetic or cosmetic effects on drinking water |
| Potable Water | water that is safe to drink |
| Pathogen | A disease causing organism |
| Ozonation | Process of using ozone to kill micro-organims in drinking water treatment |
| Coagulation | The process by which microscopic particles in a liquid clump together: a step in drinking water treatment |
| Floculation | The formation of particles in the water large enough to settle out during sedimentation |
| Sedimentation | The process of slowing water down in the treatment process to allow sediments to settle out (used in both drinking water and wastewater treatment) |
| Filtration | The process of passing water through layers of sand, gravel and charcoal to remove impurities from water |
| Primary Clarifiers | Where solids settle out from the water in the first stage of wastewater treatment |
| Aeration Basin | A tank in which wastewater is aerated to promote microbial breakdown of the organic matter in wastewater |
| Secondary Clarifiers | Where excess microorganisms settle out of the water after the aeration basin |
| Reclaimed Water | Recycled used wastewater that has been treated to make it safe for certain uses |
| Anaerobic Digester | Where microorganism break down biodegradable material (solids and scum) removed from wastewater without oxygen. |
| Methane | Gas produced when organic matter is broken down in the absence of oxygen |
| Biosolids | A primarily organic solid product produced by the anaerobic digester that can be beneficially recycled. |
| Alum | Material added to water to cause suspended particles in water to stick together |
| Activated Charcoal | A highly porous material used to filter drinking water |
Created by:
brugnoc
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