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Blood
Blood chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the liquid (extracellular) part in the blood? | Plasma |
| What is the pH of the blood? | between 7.35 and 7.45 |
| What 4 proteins are found in the plasma? | Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen, and Prothrombin |
| Albumins | Help retain water in the blood by osmosis |
| What protein in the plasma include antibodies that help protect us from infections? | Globulins |
| What is the function of the Fibrinogen and Prothrombin proteins? | are necessary for blood clothing |
| What are the three main types of formed elements? | RBCs or erythrocytes, WBCs or leukocytes, Platelets, or thrombocytes |
| What is the function of an erythrocyte? | Carries the oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood. |
| How is the process of making new blod cells is called? | Hematopoiesis |
| What is the meloyd tissue? | Better known as red bone marrow, all blood cells start their development in it. |
| What is the function of the lymphoid tissue? | helps create blood cells, is found as white masses in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleens |
| What is the shape of a RBC? | Biconcave, it helps it transport O2 and CO2, as well as keeping the RBC to flow in the bloodstream |
| What is the lifespan of a RBC? | 80 to 120 days |
| What is the function of the Hemoglobin? | Help RBC transport and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and cells, also plays an important role in keeping the pH balance in the body |
| What is hemoglobin made of? | two alpha and two beta polypeptide, and an iron atom within each heme group |
| What is Hemorrhagic anemia? | Anemia caused by a decrease in the number of RBCs caused by hemorrhage resulting from accidents for example. |
| What type of anemia is caused by the destruction of the blood-forming elements often related to exposure to certain toxic chemicals or certain drugs? | Aplastic anemia |
| What causes pernicious anemia? | A deficiency of RBCs that result from failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor (substance that allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed) |
| what is sickle cell trait? | A condition that causes the development of only a small amount of HbS ( sickle hemoglobin). |
| Sickle cell trait | Condition caused when two defective genes are inherited causing more HbS causing a more severe trait |
| Definition of polycythemia | Excess of RBCs in the bloodstream |
| What is an antigen? | Substance that can stimulate the body to make antibodies |
| substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen | Antibodies |
| What antigens and antibodies are present in a B+ type of blood? | B, Rh antigens, and A antibodies |
| What type of blood is considered the universal donor? | O- |
| What type of blood is considered the universal recipient? | AB+ |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | Condition caused when the mother's Rh antibodies react with the baby's Rh positive cells causing damage to the baby |
| What are the three types of granulocytes? | Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| What are the two types of agranulocytes? | Lymphocytes and monocytes |
| What is the term used for an abnormally low WBC count? | Leukopenia |
| Term used to describe an abnormally high WBC count? | Leukocytosis |
| Neutrophils | Most numerous of the active WBCs; protect the body from invading microorganisms by taking them into their own cell bodies and digesting them. |
| Eosinophils | Serves as a weak phagocytes, most important function involves protection against infection's caused by parasites and worms |
| Basophils | Serves as an inflammatory response for the body |
| What are the Monocytes? | Largest leukocytes, aggressive phagocytes that because of their size they are able to eat larger bacterial organisms and cancerous cells |
| What are B lymphocytes? | secrete plasma proteins called antibodies that attach to specific antigen molecules. |
| What are T lymphocytes? | Mature in the thymus, directly attack bacteria, virus-infected cells, or cancer cells |
| What is leukemia | Term to describe a number of blood cancers affecting the WBCs |
| what are the platelet/thrombocytes? | third main type of formed element, plays an important part in blood clotting or coagulation |
| What is the process of how we stop bleeding when an injury occurs? | Hemostasis |
| What causes thrombosis? | When a clot stays in the place where it formed forming a thrombus |
| What causes embolism? | When part of the clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream forming an embolus |
Created by:
TorresV
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