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Chapter 13

Meiosis and Sexual life cycle

QuestionAnswer
What is heredity? Traits we inherit from our parents
What is variation? Differences from father and mother in a child
What does genetics study? The whole study of heredity and inherited variation
How is a gene transferred in sexual reproduction? Through fertilization and meiosis
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? Genetic diversity from two parents
What is a prerequisite for mitosis? Replication of chromosomes
How are gametes different from somatic cells? Gametes cells are reproductive cells
Why does DNA need to replicate before going through meiosis? To ensure each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome
Where are diploid cells found? In humans
What is alternation of generations? A sexual life cycle that includes haploid and diploid stages
What is karyotyping used for? Determining the number of chromosomes
What are sex chromosomes responsible for? Determining the sex of the individual
Where do you expect to find haploid cells? In gametes (sperm and egg)
What happens if meiosis does not occur? Limited variety of alleles and mutations
What is the connection between mutation, genetic diversity, and alleles? Mutations create alleles and contribute to genetic diversity
Why does crossing over occur only among homologous chromosomes? Homologous chromosomes have the same genes but different alleles
What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis? Crossing over
What does the Law of Independent Assortment state? The interference of one gene is independent of another pair
How are homologous chromosomes different from sister chromatids? Homologous chromosomes are pairs
What is the role of non-sister chromatids in meiosis? They undergo crossing over
Why is meiosis 1 more important than meiosis 2? Meiosis 1 produces gametes
What separates during meiosis 1 vs. meiosis 2? Homologous chromosomes
Why are cells haploid after meiosis 1 even though they have two copies of DNA? DNA is segregated during meiosis 1
What is the difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment? Law of segregation states that alleles segregate during meiosis, while the law of independent assortment involves the independent inheritance of different gene pairs
What are three mechanisms through which genetic variations are brought about? Independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, and random fertilization
What is the major outcome if meiosis did not occur? Limited variety of alleles and mutations
What does a world without meiosis look like? Limited variety of alleles and mutations
Created by: day44
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