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Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Tetrad formed by homologous chromosomes binding together and form a tetrad (consists of 4 chromatids)
Sister Chromatid one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated
Crossing Over the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during Prophase 1 of Meiosis (creates recombination)
Haploid Cell a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (germ cells are haploid)
Diploid Cell a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (somatic cells are diploid)
Gamete sex cell / germ cell (sperm and egg)
Meiosis a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
Homologous Chromosomes paired chromosomes that are similar to one another in shape and size
Gametogenesis the process by which sperm and eggs are produced
Zygote a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
Gene Regulation The process of turning genes on and off
Cell Differentiation dividing cells change their functional or observable look
Nondisjunction the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during nuclear division
Sex Chromosomes 23rd pair; involved in sex determination (female xx, male xy)
Autosomes any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Karyotype a photograph of all of an organism's chromosomes
Interphase the cell cycle phase where the cell increases in size (G1), replicates DNA (S phase) , and prepares for division (G2)
Cytokinesis the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Independent Assortment in Metaphase I chromosomes are not dependent on each other on how they align in the center of the cell
Created by: hadams2020
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