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Human Body Systems

Facts

TermDefinition
Body Organization Levels (smallest to largest unit) Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems
Tissues Groups of cells that are alike in structure that perform a specific function
Organs Groups of different tissue types working together to perform a specific function
Organ Systems Groups of organs working together to perform a specific function
The brain is what level of organization? Organ
Muscles are what level of organization? Tissues
Neurons are what level of organization? Cells
Skeletal System Function Provides structure and support, allows for movement, protects vital organs, creates blood cells
Muscular System Function Provides movement and allows for reaction to environmental conditions
Circulatory System Function Carries needed materials (oxygen, glucose, waste products) to and from body cells and transports disease fighting cells
Respiratory System Function Moves oxygen into the body into the body and removes carbon dioxide and excess water from the body
Digestive System Function Breaks down food into useable molecules, provides a location for molecule absorption, and helps prepare the body's waste
Excretory System Function Collects and rids the body of cellular waste in liquid form
Nervous System Function Receive environmental information and directs a response if necessary; helps maintain homeostasis
Immune System Function Eliminate pathogens that attack body cells
Voluntary Muscles Muscles that are under our control
Involuntary Muscles Muscles that work automatically
Voluntary Muscle Example(s) Skeletal muscles
Involuntary Muscle Example(s) Digestive (smnooth) and cardiac muscles
Site of most mechanical digestion Stomach
Site of most chemical digestion Small intestines
Major organs and tissues of the skeletal system Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and marrow
Major organs of the muscular system Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
Major organs of the digestive system Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines
Major organs of the respiratory system Nose, trachea, and lungs
Major organs of the excretory system Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Major organs of the nervous system Brain, spinal cord, neurons
Major organs of the immune system Lymphocytes (white blood cells)
Bones in the back that protect the spinal cord Vertebrae
Process for muscle pairs to provide movement One contracts while one relaxes
The largest bone in the human body Femur
The largest organ of the human body Skin
The sensory organs that allow us to see Eyes
The other name for the lymphatic system Immune
The two pairs of muscles that make up the majority of our chest Pectoralis
The four pairs of muscles that make up the majority of our thigh Quadriceps
All the muscles in our lower arm that bend and extend our fingers and wrist Flexors and extensors
The funny name for the muscle in the back of our lower leg. Also called the calf muscle. Gastrocnemius
The simple name for this bone is the upper arm bone or funnybone. Humerus
The simple name for the cranium Skull
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