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science vocab
important science junk
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| meteorologist | a scientist who study's weather |
| weather forecast | a prediction of future atmospheric |
| weather | state of the atmosphere at any point in time, wind , tempature ,cloudiness , moisture , and air pressure |
| climate | the weather conditions of a certain place or season averaged over years decades , or centuries |
| weather map | a picture of the earth that uses symbols to show weather data , conditions , and systems |
| tempeature | degrees warm or cold f or c |
| wind | moving air |
| wind speed | how fast or slow the moving air [wind] is moving |
| wind direction | the direction from which the wind is blowing |
| air pressure | the weight of the air pressing pressing down on earth |
| thermometer | used to measure tempeature |
| anemometer | used to measure wind speed |
| wind vain | used to measure the wind direction |
| rain gauge | used to measure the amount of rain over a specific period of time |
| hygrometer | used to measure humidity |
| barometer | used to measure air pressure |
| weather system | all parts of the weather |
| atmsophere | a layer of gases surounding a planet. the earth's atmosphere has 5 layers |
| air mass | a large region of the atmosphere where the air has similar proproties like tempeature ,humidity , air pressure |
| latitude | The distance North or South of the Equator. |
| longitude | The distance East or West of the Prime Meridian. |
| cloud | A visible collection of water droplets or at colder temperatures ice crystals. |
| stratus | Low level clouds that spread out and look like a blanket covering the sky. Overcast weather, sometimes precipitation. Fog is a stratus cloud at ground level. |
| Nimbostratus | Blanket-like cloud that produces rain, sleet, and/ or snow. |
| Cumulus | Middle level cloud that looks like a pile of fluffy cotton. Flat base and rounded towers. |
| Cumulonimbus | Tall cumulus clouds usually dark grey in color that result in heavy precipitation, especially thunderstorms. |
| Cirrus | High level clouds that look thin and wispy like feathers. Made of ice crystals. |
| Nimbus | A rain cloud. It may be used as a prefix or suffix of another cloud. |
| Global Wind | These winds move great distances over the globe. Predictable and stable. |
| Trade Winds | Winds that occur between 0'-30' latitude. They blow east to west and blow constantly toward the Equator. |
| Prevailing Wind | A wind that usually blows from one direction. |
| Prevailing Westerlies | Winds that occur between 30' and 60' in both hemispheres. They blow from west to east, and towards the poles. |
| Polar Easterlies | Prevailing winds that occur between 60' and 90' in both hemispheres. They blow from east to west and blow away from the poles. |
| Jet Stream | A strong wind found 6-9 miles above the Earth's surface. It can reach speeds of 50-200 mph. Steer the movement of surface air masses and weather systems. |
| Sea Breeze | Convection current where air flows from the sea to land, typically during the daytime. |
| Land Breeze | Convection current where air flows from land to sea, typically during the nighttime. |
| Air Pressure | The weight of the air pressing down on the earth. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. |
| Density | How tightly packed the matter of an object is. Hot air and low pressure=less density. Cold air and high pressure =high density. |
| High Pressure System | Whirling mass of cool, dry air. It is heavy and dense so it sinks. Brings fair weather, sunny skies, light winds, and stable weather. |
| Low Pressure System | Whirling mass of warm, moist air. It is lighter and less dense so it rises and cooler air flows underneath. Low pressure brings storms, strong winds, and unstable changing weather. |
| Front | A boundary between two air masses, resulting in stormy weather. |
| Cold Front | A boundary between two air masses one cold and one warm. It moves and the colder air replaces the warmer air. |
| Warm Front | A boundary between two air masses one cold and one warm moving so that the warm air replaces the cold air. |
| El Nino | Unusual warming of the surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean causes changes in wind patterns that have a major effect on weather around the world. |
| La Nina | Widespread cooling of the surface waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The opposite of El Nino. |
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