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Biology unit 2
Nutrition, food tests and enzymes.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Simple carbohydrates | Quick release of energy |
| Complex carbohydrates | Slow release of energy |
| Glucose | A monosaccharide, simple sugar used for respiration. |
| Sucrose | A disaccharide, simple sugar used for translocation |
| Lactose | The sugar present in milk |
| Fibre | Not digestible by humans - used to prevent bowel cancer and constipation |
| Glycogen | Storage form of glucose |
| Protein | Made up of amino acids |
| Uses for protein | Growth, repair, enzymes |
| Protein is found in | Chicken, meat, fish |
| Sugar is found in | Candy and cookies |
| Starch is found in | Pasta, rice, bread |
| Fats | 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Uses of fats | Provides 2x more energy than carbohydrates and is an insulator to prevent heat loss. |
| Fats are found in | Cheese, oil, red meat |
| Food test for starch | Iodine solution - turns orange-brown to blue black |
| Food test for sugar | Benedict’s solution, heated - from blue to a brick-red |
| Food test for protein | Biuret (sodium hydroxide + copper sulfate) - blue to purple |
| Food test for fat | Emulsion test (water + ethanol) - will turn cloudy white |