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biology vocab 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate, an organic molecule that is involved in energy metabolism; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and two phosphate groups |
| Chemosynthesis | the production of carbohydrates through the use of energy from inorganic molecules instead of light |
| Photosynthesis | in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
| Thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| Light-Dependent reactions | part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions |
| Light-Independent reactions | part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reaction to synthesize carbon hydrates |
| Photosystem | in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Electron transport chain | a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| ATP synthase | an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP |
| Calvin Cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide |
| Aerobic | describes a process that requires oxygen |
| Glycolysis | the anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
| Anaerobic | describes a process that does not require oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy |
| Fermentation | the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen |
| Lactic Acid | Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells |
Created by:
savyisdabest
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