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Human Bio Glossary
Key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenine | A nucleotide of or RNA; complementary to thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. |
| Allele | A version of a gene. Each person inherits one allele from each parent. |
| Amino Acids | Small molecule that makes up a protein. |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death. |
| Autosomal Dominant | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| Autosome | A chromosome that does not determine the sex of an organism. |
| Carrier | A person who has the allele for a recessive trait that does not show in their phenotype |
| Co-dominant | This relates to two alleles of a genes that are both fully expressed in a heterozygote. |
| Complementary Base | A nucleotide base that pairs with its partner nucleotide on the alternative DNA strand. (AT GC) |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cell cytoplasm at the end of mitosis or meiosis, leading to the formation of two daughter cells. |
| Cytosine | A nucleotide of DNA or RNA; complementary to guanine. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A molecule that contains all the instructions for every job performed by the cell; this information can be passed from one generation to the next. |
| Dominant Trait | A characteristic that needs only one copy of an allele to appear in the physical appearance of an organism. |
| Gene flow | Genes will flow from one generation to the next or one population to the next as different families or groups in the population choose partners and mate. |
| Genetic Code | The sequence of nucleotides found in DNA that is inherited from parents. |
| Genetic Mutation | A permanent change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. |
| Genotype | The combination of alleles for a particular trait. |
| Guanine | A nucleotide of DNA or RNA; complementary to cytosine |
| Heterozygous | Two different alleles for a particular trait; carrier for the recessive trait |
| Homozygous | Two identical alleles for a particular traits. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A bond between two different molecules that have weak positive and negative charges. |
| Karyotype | The arrangement of a complete set of chromosomes in pairs of decreasing size. |
| Meiosis | The process that results in the formation of gametes with half the genetic material of the parent cell. |
| Mitosis | The process or replication that results in genetically identical daughter cells |
| Mutation | Change that occurs at the DNA level that may add, delete or rearrange genetic material. |
| Non-disjunction | The failure of one or more chromosomes to separate and move to the end of the cell during meiosis; it can result in an abnormal amount of chromosomes in the daughter cells. |
| Nucleotide | A subunit of a DNA molecule |
| Pedigree | Chart showing the phenotypes for an individual and its ancestors, usually over several generations; also known as a family tree diagram. |
| Phenotype | The physical characteristics that result from an interaction between the genotype and the environment |
| Protein | Chain of amino acids that are an essential part of any cell |
| Punnet Square | A diagram that is used to predict the outcome of breeding organisms |
| Recessive Trait | A characteristic that results from the inheritance of two identical alleles. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A complementary copy of DNA that is able to carry the genetic message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| Thymine | A nucleotide of DNA; complementary to adenine |
| Transcription | Step one of protein synthesis; the formation of complementary RNA from DNA |
| Translation | Step two of protein synthesis. The formation of a protein from RNA; occurs on a ribosome |
| Uracil | A nucleotide of RNA; complementary to adenine |
Created by:
St4dent
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