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Audesirk Ch29
Virginia Tech Biology Lipscomb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aphotic zone | the region of the ocean below 200 m, where sunlight does not penetrate. |
| biodiversity | the total number of species within an ecosystem and the resulting complexity of interactions among them |
| biome | a terrestrial ecosystem that occupies an extensive geographical area and is characterized by a specific type of plant community; for example, deserts. |
| chaparral | a biome located in coastal regions, with very low annual rainfall, characterized by shrubs and small trees |
| climate | patterns of weather that prevail from year to year and even from century to century in a given region. |
| coral reef | a biome created by animals (reef-building corals) and plants in warm tropical waters. |
| desert | a biome in which less than 25 to 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) of rain falls each year. |
| El Niño | literally “boy child”; a reduction in intensity of Northeast Tradewinds that causes widespread disruption of weather patterns |
| estuary | a wetland formed where a river meets the ocean; the salinity there is quite variable but lower than in sea water and higher than in fresh water. |
| eutrophic lake | a lake that receives sufficiently large inputs of sediments, organic material, and inorganic nutrients from its surroundings to support dense communities; murky with poor light penetration |
| grassland | a biome, located in the centers of continents, that supports grasses; also called prairie. |
| gyre | a roughly circular pattern of ocean currents, formed because continents interrupt the currents’ flow; rotates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| hydrothermal vent community | a community of unusual organisms, living in the deep ocean near hydrothermal vents, that depends on the chemosynthetic activities of sulfur bacteria. |
| intertidal zone | an area of the ocean shore that is alternately covered and exposed by the tides. |
| La Niña | literally “girl child”; a reversal of the El Niño weather pattern. |
| limnetic zone | a lake zone in which enough light penetrates to support photosynthesis. |
| littoral zone | a lake zone, near the shore, in which water is shallow and plants find abundant light, anchorage, and adequate nutrients. |
| nearshore zone | the region of coastal water that is relatively shallow but constantly submerged; includes bays and coastal wetlands and can support large plants or seaweeds. |
| northern coniferous forest | a biome with long, cold winters and only a few months of warm weather; populated almost entirely by evergreen coniferous trees; also called taiga. |
| oligotrophic lake | a lake that is very low in nutrients and hence clear with extensive light penetration |
| ozone layer | the ozone-enriched layer of the upper atmosphere that filters out some of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation |
| pelagic | free-swimming or floating |
| permafrost | a permanently frozen layer of soil in the arctic tundra that cannot support the growth of trees |
| photic zone | the region of the ocean where light is strong enough to support photosynthesis |
| phytoplankton | photosynthetic protists that are abundant in marine and freshwater environments |
| plankton | microscopic organisms that live in marine or freshwater environments; includes phytoplankton and zooplankton |
| prairie | a biome, located in the centers of continents, that supports grasses; also called grassland |
| profundal zone | a lake zone in which light is insufficient to support photosynthesis |
| rain shadow | a local dry area created by the modification of rainfall patterns by a mountain range |
| savanna | a biome that is dominated by grasses and supports scattered trees and thorny scrub forests; typically has a rainy season in which all the year’s precipitation falls. |
| taiga | a biome with long, cold winters and only a few months of warm weather; dominated by evergreen coniferous trees; also called northern coniferous forest |
| temperate deciduous forest | a biome in which winters are cold and summer rainfall is sufficient to allow enough moisture for trees to grow and shade out grasses |
| temperate rain forest | a biome in which there is no shortage of liquid water year-round and that is dominated by conifers |
| tropical deciduous forest | a biome with pronounced wet and dry seasons and plants that shed their leaves during the dry season to minimize water loss |
| tropical rain forest | a biome with evenly warm, evenly moist conditions; dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees; the most diverse biome |
| tundra | a biome with severe weather conditions (extreme cold and wind and little rainfall) that cannot support trees |
| upwelling | an upward flow that brings cold, nutrient-laden water from the ocean depths to the surface; occurs along western coastlines |
| weather | short-term fluctuations in temperature, humidity, cloud cover, wind, and precipitation in a region over periods of hours to days. |
| zooplankton | nonphotosynthetic protists that are abundant in marine and freshwater environments |
Created by:
hgarcia
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