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Cell Transport

HBIO3 unit 5 Nov 12

QuestionAnswer
Phospholipids are made out of A polar head and a non-polar tail
The polar head is Made out of phosphate and Glycerol -Is hydrophilic -Has a positive and negative side
The non-polar tail is -Made out of fatty Acids -Is hydrophobic -Has no charge
The cell membrane is made out of a phospholipid bilayer, meaning There's 2 layers of phospholipid
The 2 layers in the phospholipid bilayer are The extracellular layer (the outside one) and the intracellular layer (the inside one)
The extracellular environment is full of Interstitial fluid
The intracellular environment is full of Cytoplasm
The inside of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic because Of the hydrophobic tails
Cholesterol... -Keeps the membrane fluid -Is a steroid -Is flexible without falling apart
Receptor proteins... -Receives signals from the body to the cell in its active site -Hormones and neurotransmitters
Transmembrane proteins... Span the whole membrane
Channel proteins... Have a tube that is always open and allows small non-polar objects to pass
Gated channel proteins Have a tube with a gate that controls what passes
Transport proteins... Only transport specific molecules
Glycoproteins... -Makeup antigens -Have a carbohydrate chain outside of the cell
The types of Cell Transport are -Diffusion -Osmosis -Facilitated Diffusion -Active Transport -Exocytosis -Endocytosis (Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Receptor-mediated)
Diffusion is -The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration -A passive process that requires no energy input
Equilibrium means Equal concentration
Osmosis is -The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane -Moves till it's at equilibrium
Facilitated Diffusion is Because of size or charge and requires a carrier protein
Active Transport is The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration and requires energy input
Exocytosis is How cells get rid of large amounts of material (product & waste) and it requires energy
The exocytosis process is 1) The vacuole/vesicle fuses with the cell membrane (bc it's made out of phospholipids) 2) The vacuole opens 3) The material is released and the vacuole becomes part of the cell membrane
The 3 types of endocytosis are -Phagocytosis -Pinocytosis -Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis is How material enters the cell - "cell eating" solid material
The phagocytosis process is 1) The pseudopods (fake feet) reach out 2) The pseudopods come together, trapping material 3) the pseudopods form a vacuole
Pinocytosis is when Cells "drink" liquid material
The pinocytosis process is 1) Liquid material collapses into the cell membrane 2) A vacuole forms
The receptor-mediated endocytosis process is 1) Receptor Proteins bind to specific molecules 2) A vacuole forms with the proteins and molecules inside of it, and coat proteins on the outside that "label" what is in it
The 3 effects of osmosis on animal cells are 1) Lysed (cell breaks open) 2) Normal 3) Shriveled (water leaves cell)
The 3 effects of osmosis on plant cells are 1) Turgid (normal) 2) Flaccid (limp) 3) Plasmolyze (water laves making the cell membrane disconnect from the cell wall)
In a hypotonic solution... -The animal cell becomes lysed -The plant cell becomes turgid -there is less solute concentration
In a isotonic solution... -The animal cell is normal -The plant cell becomes flaccid -There is some solute concentration
In a hypertonic solution... -The animal cell becomes shriveled -The plant cell becomes plasmolyzed -There is higher solute concentration
The 3 steps of an osmosis problem are 1) Calculate the % of total solute on one side 2) Calculate the % of water that needs to be on that side 3) Find the correct amount of water that need to be moved and move it
Created by: erica.y
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