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Ch. 4 Life Science
Flashcards to use to review for test over Ch. 4 Life Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nationality and occupation of Mendel | Austrian monk and teacher |
| The study of inheritance of traits (genes) from parents to offspring | Genetics |
| Why was Mendel successful? | Studied many generations of pea plants, Performed experiments, Applied math to biology, Kept careful records of the experiment |
| Why did he use pea plants? | They had several easily observed contrasting physical traits, They were easy to cultivate |
| kind of organism that has had same traits for many generations before | Purebred |
| having a different combination of genetic information than ancestors because the ancestors were not alike | Hybrid |
| Mendel's first step | Crossed purebred dominant and recessive plants |
| mating organism to test how they inherit traits | Cross |
| describes two alleles that are the same | purebred |
| the different forms of the genes for a particular trait | Alleles |
| What Mendel said caused traits | factors |
| The number of factors Mendel said for each trait | two |
| If an organism is a hybrid which allele is expressed? | dominant |
| describes two alleles that are different | hybrid |
| typically the first letter of the dominant trait | alleles |
| represent the dominant trait | capital letters |
| represent the recessive trait | lower case letters |
| What Mendel moved from one flower to another | pollen |
| Symbol used for Mendel's first generation | F1 (Capital F with 1 as a subscript) |
| Ratio of dominant to recessive when F1 generation self pollinated | 3:1 |
| Title given to Mendel | "Father of Genetics" |
| the cell resulting from the uniting of the pollen and the egg this is when the factors of the parents are combined | Zygote |
| the three possible offspring combinations | Purebred dominant, Hybrid dominant, Purebred recessive |
| when the organism has both dominant genes for that trait | Purebred dominant |
| When the organism has a dominant and a recessive gene for the trait | Hybrid dominant |
| when the organism has both recessive genes for that trait | Purebred recessive |
| What Mendel did with the first generation of pea plants: | Let them self pollinate |
| the way an organism looks | phenotype |
| the specific genes an organism has | Genotype |
| Number of years Mendel's paper was unnoticed? | 35 |
| The movement of these was thought to be related to Mendel's discoveries | chromosomes |
| What factors are called today | genes |
| are used to represent genetic crosses | Punnett Squares |
| What the top and side of the Punnett Squares represent | the possible gametes of the parents |
| The smaller boxes in the Punnett square represent | possible gamete combinations |
| flowers that show incomplete dominance because the traits blend | Snapdragons |
| Example of codominance where both traits are seen | Camellia flowers, roan cattle |
| two or more sets of genes are responsible for producing a trait such as human hair color | polygenic inheritance |
| Number of human chromosomes in a cell | 46 |
| the variation of Mendel's genetics that involves more than two different alleles for the same trait | multiple alleles |
| An example of multiple alleles | human blood type |
| The human blood alleles that are dominant | A & B |
| the genotype for type O blood | ii |
| The variation of Mendel's genetics when two genes are both expressed at the same time and both traits are visible. | codominance |
| The three different blood alleles | A, B, and i |
| The recessive blood type | Type O |
| The variation of Mendel's genetics that produced pink flowers from red and white. | incomplete dominance |
| cell formed from the uniting of the egg and sperm | zygote |
| The variation of Mendel's genetics that is involved with human hair color, skin color, height, body build, intelligence etc. | polygenic inheritance |
| The ultimate reason for human disorders | sin and the curse |
| The ultimate use of disorders by God | To bring glory to His Name |
| If a man with hybrid type A blood has a wife with hybrid type B blood what blood types might their children have? | A, B, AB, and O |
| What two variations of Mendel's genetics might human blood type involve? | multiple alleles and codominance |
| If a brown and white were incompletely dominant in cattle and a brown bull and a white cow had a hybrid calf, what color would the calf's hairs be? | tan |
| Reproductive cells designed to transfer or receive the chromosomes. | gametes |
| Reproductive cell with only one of each type of chromosome. | gamete |
| Term that describes gametes based on the number of sets of chromosomes | haploid |
| The four types of structures found in complete flowers. | sepals, petals, stamens, pistils |
| outermost flower structure that protects the flower when it is developing and is usually green | sepals |
| the largest and most colorful part of the flower | petals |
| general type of organism attracted to a flower by petals | pollinators |
| male reproductive part of flower | stamen |
| long, thin, stalk | like part of a stamen |
| part of flower that contains and produces the pollen | anther |
| female reproductive part of a flower | pistil |
| the swollen part at the bottom of a pistil | ovary |
| the slender stalk of a pistil | style |
| the sticky top of a pistil which receives the pollen | stigma |
| process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma | pollination |
| What is produced my the pollen after it lands on the stigma? | pollen tube |
| the part of a flower ovary that contains the eggs or female gametes | ovules |
| male gamete entering an ovule and merging with an egg | fertilization |
| what a fertilized ovule becomes | seed |
| what the zygote develops into; the baby plant | embryo |
| a mature ovary that contains seeds | fruit |
| the beginning of a seed's growth | germination |
| the main purpose of a fruit | to release seeds |
Created by:
Mr.JFoster
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