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Mod 7A - Genetics

First half Module 7 - Genetics

TermDefinition
True Breeding when an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring
Allele one of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
Genotype two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait
Phenotype the observable expression of an organism's genes
Homozygous genotype a genotype in which both alleles are identical
Heterozygous genotype a genotype with two different alleles
Dominant allele an allele that will determine phenotype
Recessive allele an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
Pedigree a diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
Testcross breeding an organism displaying the dominant phenotype but unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism
Monohybrid cross a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
Dihybrid cross a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
Genotypic ratio the ratio of different genotypes in the offspring of a genetic cross
Phenotypic ratio the ratio of the different phenotypes in the offspring of a genetic cross
Meiosis the process by which a diploid cell forms gametes
Gametes haploid cells produced by diploid cells for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Haploid cells cells that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes
Diploid cells cells with chromosomes that come in homologous pars or two sets of chromosomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance if a dominant allele for a genotype exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele
Mendel's Law of Segregation In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one of its alleles to its offspring. This separation of alleles in parents occurs during meiosis - the forming of gametes.
Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits assort independently one another during gamete formation
Created by: MelRodriguez
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