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Audesirk Ch19

Virginia Tech Biology Lipscomb

QuestionAnswer
anaerobe an organism whose respiration does not require oxygen.
bacteriophage a virus specialized to attack bacteria.
conjugation in prokaryotes, the transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a temporary connection; in single-celled eukaryotes, the mutual exchange of genetic material between two temporarily joined cells.
endospore a protective resting structure of some rod-shaped bacteria that withstands unfavorable environmental conditions.
flagellum a long, hairlike extension of the plasma membrane; in eukaryotic cells, it contains microtubules arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern. The movement of flagella propel some cells through fluids.
Gram Stain a stain that is selectively taken up by the cell walls of certain types of bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and rejected by the cell walls of others (gram-negative bacteria); used to distinguish bacteria on the basis of their cell wall construction.
host the prey organism on or in which a parasite lives; is harmed by the relationship.
nitrogen-fixing bacterium a bacterium that possess the ability to remove nitrogen (N2) from the atmosphere and combine it with hydrogen to produce ammonium (NH4+).
pathogenic capable of producing disease; refers to an organism with such a capability (a pathogen).
plasmid a small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria; normally does not carry genes required for the normal fuctioning of the bacterium but may carry genes that assist bacterial survival in certain environments ex antibiotic resistance
prion a protein that, in mutated form, acts as an infectious agent that causes certain neurodegenerative diseases, including kuru and scrapie.
viroid a particle of RNA that is capable of infecting a cell and of directing the production of more viroids; responsible for certain plant diseases.
virus a noncellular parasitic parti-cle that consists of a protein coat surrounding genetic material; multiplies only within a cell of a living organism (the host).
Created by: hgarcia
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