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Natural selection

AQA A-level biology natural selection and speciation year 13

TermDefinition
Predation When one organism (predator) hunts, captures, & consumes another (prey)
Intraspecific competition The struggle for resources, mates, & other factors necessary for survival and reproduction that occurs between individuals of the same species within a population
Interspecific competition The struggle for food, water, shelter, territory, & other factors necessary for survival & reproduction between members of different species
Symbiosis A close interaction between two or more different species that live in close physical proximity
Carrying capacity The maximum population size of a species that a specific environment can sustain indefinitely
Biological fitness The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
Hybridisation The cross between different species, rarely successful because of differences in gene pools. Offspring produced are commonly infertile
Isolation When part of the population becomes separated into a different environment from the main population
Mutations Changes in DNA overtime leading to an altered genotype
Allopatric speciation Two different populations of the same specie become so genetically separated that they can no longer reproduce together
Geographic isolation When organisms of the same species are separated into different physical environments and cannot interact
Temporal/reproductive isolation When organisms of the same species undergo changes which cause them to mate at different times of the day or year leading to them not being able to reproduce
Sympatric speciation Rarer, doesn’t need geographic isolation, only reproductive. Common in plants and animals, has been seen in insects
Created by: Study_B
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