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Science Test Virus
Alll the stuff i have to know for tomorrow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Are viruses alive? Support your statement. | No, because they have no characterisitics of living things. |
| What are the two parts all viruses are made of? | A capsid and a core |
| What's the difference between a virus and a retrovirus? Which type is easier to treat and why. Know several diseases caused by each type. | Virus has DNA and is easier to treat than Retroviruses. Retroviruses have RNA and are harder to treat. Virus= influenza, polio, and mumps. Retrovirus=HIV and flu |
| What's the difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles in a virus? | Lytic actively uses the host cell to destroy the host cell, and in a lysogenic it embeds DNA into the host cell, and does not destroy th ehost cell immediatly. |
| How are viruses treated and or prevented? | Vaccines |
| What is a prion and name a disease caused by one. | It's a protein that damages the brain and mad cow disease |
| Name three types of bacteria according to shape. | Bacillus-rod shpaed, Coccus-spherical, Spirillium- Spiral |
| Name three types of bacteria according to function and physiology? | Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria |
| What is a plasmid? An endospore? | Plasmid is a circular strand of DNA found in many bacteria, Endospore contains a bacterium's DNA and a small amount of it's cytoplasm. |
| Give three types of bacteria according to how they get oxygen. | obligate anerobes- cannot survive in oxygen, Facultative anerobes- can survive in oxygen or no oxygen, Obligate aerobes must have oxygen. |
| Name and describe two ways in which bacteria reproduce. | Conjugation- asexual splitting in two Binary Fission-sexual recombination of DNA |
| Be able to explain several ways bacteria are helpful. Name several diseases caused by bacteria. | Nitrogen Fixation, recycling of nutrients, and food. Pneumonia, Strep Infection, and Tetanus. |
| Name several ways bacteria may cause disease. | Toxins,produce enzymes, and digest |
| What's the difference between protozoa and algae? Give examples of each. | Protozoa- animal-like protists, no chloroplasts, (Ameboid) Algae- plant-like protists, chloroplasts, (diatoms) |
| What is phagocytosis? What organism ingest food in this manner? | It is when animals engulf food, amoebas. |
| How do animals reproduce? Paramecia? | Amoebas- by binary fission. Paramecia-binary fission and conjugation. |
| Name several diseases caused by protozoa and their vectors. | Mosquitoes-malaria, tsetse fly-African Sleeping Sickness, giardia-muskrats and beavers |
| What is the purpose of the red eyespot in a euglena? | Used for detecting light. |
| What type of protist causes red tides and exhibits bioluminescence? | Dinoflagellates |
| What are the distinguishing characteristics of a diatom? | photosynthetic, unicellular,double shelled, made of silica or calciun carbonate and have distinct patterns |
| Name ten different types of invertebrates and give an example of each. | Porifera-sponges, Cnidaria-jellyfish, Platyhelminthes-flatworms, Nematoda-roundworms,Annelida-segmented worms, Molluska-snails, Arthropoda- arachnids, Echinodermata-starfish |
| Describe three different basic body plans. | Asymmetrical, Bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry. |
| Discuss the importance of the development of bilateral symmetry in animals. | These animals are more likely to have to have a brain. |
| List and describe three types of skeletons. | hydrostatic skeleton-water-filled cavity under pressure, exoskeleton-external skeleton, endoskeleton-a skeleton indside the animal |
| Name and describe two invertebrate chrodates. | Tunicates-filter feeders that live in ocean, Lancelots-bladelike body, the oldest fish species. |
| Compare and contrast chrodates and vertebrates. | Both have to have a backbone, chordates have a spinal column. |
| Discuss the vertebrate hearts. | Fish-two chambers, amphibians-3 chambered hearts, most reptiles- 3 chambers, crocs gators mammals- 4 chambers |
| Which classes of vertebrates contain animals that are ectothermic? Endothermic? | Ectothermic-fish, amphibians,reptiles Endothermic- birds and mammals |
| What is metamorophisis in animals? Give examples of vertebrates and invertebrates that display this characteristic. | Metamorphisis is a change from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult form. (Tapoles to Frogs and Caterpillars to Butterflies) |
| How are the three classes of fish different? | Agnatha has no scales, Osteichthysares are made of bones, agnatha and chordichthyes are made of cartilage |
| Name two major body characteristics that gave animals a greater abilty to move. | Segmentation and joint appendages |
| What three major characteristics allowed amphibians to succeed on land? | 1. lungs 2. MORE DEVELOPED HEART 3. stronger limbs |
| Name two major innovations that frist appeared in reptiles and discuss how these were important to animals. | watertight, scale covered skin and the amniotic egg. They helped animals survive farther away from water. |
| Why do animals molt? List several types of vertebrates and invertebrates that exibit this characteristic. | Animals molt in order to grow. Reptiles and Arthropods molt. |
| What does vivparous mean? Name a viviparous mammal. | "To bear youngs alive" Monotremes are oviparous. |
| What are monotremes? Give examples. | mammals that lay eggs. Duck-billed platypus and the spiny anteater. |
| What are marsupials? Give examples. | Give brith to premature babies who go into their puch in the mom's belly after they are born (Possums, Kangaroos,wombats, and the flying phalanger) |
| What are placental mammals? Give examples. | Animals that are viviparous. (humans, cows dogs, etc.) |
| What is the importanceof nitrogen fixning bacteria? | They take atmospheric nitrogen and put in the soil. |
| What is plankton? Name two types of plankton. | They are tiny ogainisms found in riveer oceans and lakes, zooplankton and plntplankton. |
| What is photoperiodism? | When plants respond to other stimuli from the enviornmant such as the length of day. |
| What is the most common fungus-like protist? | Slime molds. |
| What is the body of a fungus called? What makes up the body? | Mycelium, made up of hyphae. |
| How do fungi reproduce asexually? Sexually? | Asexually- spores, sexually- when two hyphae meet |
| Name a unicellular fungus. | Yeast |
| What compund is found in the cell wall of a fungus? | Chitin |
| NAme several diseaes caused by fungi. What is ergotism? | Athlete's foot, ringworm, and yeast infections |
| What is the difference between vascular and non vascular what is the advantage of vascular tissue? | Vascular= vessels nonvascular= no vessels Vascular plants can move away from water. |
| How do seedless plants reproduce non-vegetatively? List and explain several types of vegetative reproductoin in plants. | Cutting a piece off to plant, planting a leaf, stolens of strawberries, rhizoids |
| Differentiate among bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. | Bryophytes-nonvascular, seedless vascular-ferns, gymnosperms-vascular but no flowers, angiosperms- flowering plants. |
| Differntiate between two types of angiosperms. | monocots and dicots monocots= paralell venation one cotyledon, fibrous roots dicots= net venation, two cotlyedons, taproot |
| What are the three growth regions of plants called? | roots-apical meristem, stems-vascular cambium,leaves-stomata and transpiration |
| NAme and describe several tropisms in plants | phototropism- change in light, graviototropism- change in gravity |
| What is transpiration? Explain the process | escape of water vapor from leaves of plants |
| List several plant adaptations and the benefit of each to the plant. | pine needles- thin to portect water loss, desciduous trees- lose their leaves in driest season winter, cacti- points to prtoct itself, any stem that holds water. |
| What three processes work toegetehr to move water form the roots to the leaves of a tree and explai the function of each. | transpiraion- creates a partial vacuumosmotic pressure- pulls water into rootscapillary action- pulls water up the bark |
| Why do flu shot s have to be taken each year? | Flu is a retrovirus, RNA is it's nucleic acid, single-stranded, so it muataes faster |
| Why is a puncture wound from a rusty nail more dangerous than a cut or scrape from the same nail?: | no oxyen, obligate anerobes can grow, develop, and produce endospres, which produces tetanus |
| How is the develpoment of a three-cahmbered heart advantageous to a frog? | More oxygen= more energy, can survive better on land. |
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KTJ12345
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