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29 Plant Form

Plant tissue and organ systems

TermDefinition
Epidermal cells Outermost plant cells that provide protection against physical damage, pathogens, and water loss; they also contain structures like trichomes and stomata.
Guard cells Kidney-shaped specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that surround stomata, regulating the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment.
Trichomes Hair-like outgrowths on the plant's surface that create a microclimate, deter herbivores, and protect against UV radiation.
Root hairs Small, finger-like extensions of epidermal cells on the surface of roots, greatly increasing their surface area for water and mineral absorption.
Parenchyma Simple, living plant cells with thin cell walls that perform various functions including photosynthesis, water/nutrient storage, and wound healing.
Collenchyma Elongated cells with unevenly thickened cell walls, providing flexible support to growing plant parts like young stems and petioles.
Sclerenchyma Cells with thick, rigid cell walls and secondary lignification, providing rigid structural support to mature plant parts like stems, leaves, and seed coats.
Vessels Water-conducting cells in angiosperm xylem, responsible for efficient transport of water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.
Tracheids Long, tapering cells with overlapping ends in xylem of angiosperms and gymnosperms, playing a role in water transport and structural support.
Sieve cells Specialized, elongated cells in gymnosperm phloem involved in transport of organic materials, especially sugars, within the plant.
Sieve tube members Phloem cells closely associated with companion cells, responsible for the efficient movement of nutrients, primarily sugars, in angiosperm plants.
Companion cells Cells closely associated with sieve tube members, providing metabolic support and facilitating the efficient movement of nutrients in the phloem.
Bark Protective outer covering of a woody plant consisting of periderm and inner phloem layers, providing defense against damage, pathogens, and water loss.
Secondary xylem Water-conducting tissue produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth in woody plants, providing water transport and structural support.
Secondary phloem Tissue produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth, forming the innermost layer of the bark and responsible for transporting sugars and organic compounds in woody plants.
Dermal Tissue Primarily consisted of epidermis. Functions as outer protective covering for plants. Includes epidermal and guard cells, trichomes, and root hairs.
Ground Tissue Functions in storage, photosynthesis, and secration. Includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Vascular Tissue Functions in conducting fluids and dissolved substances. Includes vessels, tracheids, sieve cells, sieve tube members, and companion cells.
Internode The section of a stem between two nodes where elongation occurs.
Node The point on a stem where leaves, branches, or flowers are attached.
Leaf The flattened structure attached to the stem of a plant. Essential for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy for the plant.
Axillary Bud A structure found in the axil between the leaf and stem. It has the potential to develop into a branch or flower.
Shoot Apex The terminal bud at the top of a stem that contains meristematic tissue responsible for stem elongation and growth.
Stem The main structural axis that provides support for leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Root Apex The terminal end of a root responsible for primary growth, including root elongation and branching.
Created by: 444ali
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