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unit 2 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| glass lenses bend light to form an image of a specimen | compound light microscope |
| a computer analyzes a tunnel formed in electron orbitals | scanning tunneling microscope |
| electrons move back and forth across the surface creating a 3-D image | scanning electron microscope |
| a photograph of an image formed with a microscope | micrograph |
| electrons pass through a thin section of cells to form an image | transmission electron microscope |
| these occur only in photosynthetic eukaryotic plants | chloroplasts |
| a muscle cell might have thousands of these organelles | mitochondria |
| these are organelles that absorb sunlight energy and produce ATP | chloroplasts |
| inner folds of this structure are called cristae | mitochondria |
| these are plastids that resemble certain photosynthetic bacteria | chloroplasts |
| this is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells | chloroplasts |
| this organelle contains most of the cells DNA and is bound with a porous membrane | nucleus |
| very small organelles, made of two subnunits that function in making proteins, cells may contain thousands | ribosomes |
| two types exist in cells: one is a long hollow tube stretching across the cell and the other is small protein fibers that form a weblike structure | cytoskeleton |
| this organelle usually begins at the nucleus and winds back and forth forming channels for materials to travel through | endoplasmic reticulum |
| this organelle looks like flattened sacs on top of each other, small vesicles can be seen breaking off from it to leave the cell | golgi apparatus |
| has 2 membranes with pores, surrounds nucleus | nuclear envelope |
| performs digestion of old cell parts or other cells | lysosome |
| makes up the cell's surface area | cell membrane |
| forms a pathway for proteins | endoplasmic reticulum |
| everything between the nucleus and cell membrane | cytoplasm |
| reinforces, organizes and moves cell parts | cytoskeleton |
| place where ATP is formed (energy) | mitochondria |
| modifies and ships proteins | golgi body/golgi apparatus |
| proteins assembled here | ribosomes |
| provides protection and support for plant cells | cell wall |
| contains and separates the DNA from the rest of the cell | nucleus |
| place for storage | vacuoles |
| a pair of small cylinders made of microtubules | centrioles |
| food (sugar) production takes place here | chloroplast |
| site where ribosomes are formed | nucleolus |
| main site of lipid synthesis, has no ribosomes | smooth ER |
| what cells require energy to carry out cell functions | bacteria, plant, animal |
| what cells have a cytoskeleton | bacteria, plant, animal |
| what cells have lysosomes | animal |
| what cells have ribosomes to make proteins | bacteria, plant, animal |
| what cells have chloroplasts | plant |
| what cells use one large central vacuole for storage | plant |
| what cells have DNA | bacteria, plant, animal |
| what cells have a nucleus with a membrane around it | plant, animal |
| what cells have a cell wall | bacteria, plant |
| any movement with the concentration gradient, cell expends no energy | diffusion |
| applies to the movement of materials other than water | passive transport |
| diffusion of water across a membrane | osmosis |
| membrane pushes into the cell bringing material in | endocytosis |
| net movement is against the gradient | active transport |
| vesicle moves outward and fuses with cell membrane which opens releasing material | exocytosis |
| why is a cell membrane called fluid? | It is flexible because its proteins and lipids are separate but loosely attached |
| Why is a cell membrane called a mosaic? | It is made of many different components, such as phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates |
| What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane? | Its function is to regulate fluidity of the membrane, make it less permeable to small hydrophilic molecules, and separate phospholipid tails to prevent crystallization |
| what is the function of carbohydrate chains in the membrane? | they form specialized cites on the cell surface to allow cells to recognize one another, and they attract water to the cell's surface |
| what is the function of embedded proteins in the membrane? | they facilitate movement of solutes across the membrane and may serve as enzymes, catalyzing reactions |
| which part of the bilipid layer is hydrophilic? | the heads on the outside |
| which part of the bilipid layer is hydrophobic? | the tails on the inside |
| plasmodesmata | channels in plant cell walls that allow cytoplasm to move through into adjacent cells |
| tight junction | animal cell junction, prevents leaking of materials, can be found in cells of linings, created by protein adherence |
| gap junction | animal cell junction, link cytoplasm of neighboring cells through membrane channels, enable cells to communicate by sharing ions, nutrients and low molecular weight substances |
| adhering junction | join cells of organs that need to stretch (skin, heart, etc.), works like a rivet, form when cadherins in plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments |
Created by:
mortehay000
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