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Muscles p2

AQA A-level biology nervous systems year 13

TermDefinition
Myofibrils Long, threadlike structure found within muscle fibres, composed of function sarcomeres
Z lines (Z discs) Structure that mark the boundaries of individual sarcomeres & provide attachment points for actin filaments
A band The length of myosin fibres within a sarcomere. Contains both overlapping actin and myosin
H zone Region within the A band where only myosin filaments are present
I band Region within the sarcomere where only actin filaments are present
M line Structural component found in the centre of the A band of a sarcomere, consisting of specialised proteins that help to anchor the myosin during contractions
Slow twitch muscle fibres Muscle fibres that can sustain slow contractions over extended periods of time, contain large amounts of myoglobin, capillaries, and mitochondria
Fast twitch muscle fibres Muscle fibres that contract rapidly and powerfully for intense bursts. Uses ATP and phosphocreatine. They have thicker fibres with more myosin filaments, greater concentration of glycogen, phosphocreatine, present in larger numbers
Striated muscle Muscle that appears stripy due to repeating units (sarcomeres) of patterns of actin and myosin microfibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Specialised membrane-bound organelle found in muscle cells. Regulates levels of calcium ions within the muscle cell
Sliding filament theory Muscles cause movement by contracting, this occurs as a result of thin filaments (actin) sliding over thick filaments (myosin) within muscle fibre
Cross bridge formation When the sarcoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by a nerve impulse to release calcium ions which bind to troponin and shift tropomyosin to reveal binding sites
Power stroke ATP is hydrolysed by the myosin head, providing energy for a conformational shape change so the myosin head pivots and pulls the actin filament
Created by: Study_B
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