A) Describe how the endosymbiont theory is supported by at least two features found in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts

They both have DNA, divide on their own, have double membrane because they were initially engulfed

B) Briefly describe the general function of each of the above organelles, and how they are designed for efficiency with those functions

Chloroplast, site of photosynthesis & glucose production

C) Describe how area within these organelles are different in terms of pH levels and acidity

In the shaded areas of the diagram there is higher concentration of H+ meaning acid is higher and pH is lower

D) The shaded areas contain higher amounts of H+ which are created with the help of special protein pumps, which move the H+ ions from low to high concentration. Explain how ATP plays a role in this process

ATP is needed to power a proton pump in order to move the H+ back to a higher concentration. This is a form of active transport.

Using terminology such as water, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic, describe the rationale behind your answer

To find the osmolarity of the potato core cells they need to be stable or isotonic. Look for a point where there is zero change in mass.

A) Describe the characteristics of the interior of the aquaporin channel protein that allow water to flow through and exclude glucose

Aquaporin is embedded into the membrane, it is highly selective to ions & molecules. Only permitting water to pass through the membrane & gasses may pass due to their small particle sizes unlike glucose which have large molecules.

B) If isolated keratinocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution for 24 hours, explain the net direction of water movement and why the rate of water movement would slow down over time

The concentration of water is high outside of the cell (hypotonic, low part.) the cell contains low water concentration, thus water will move into the cell, causing it to swell. Eventually water movement will slow down because the cell will even out

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AP Bio

FRQ U2

Question	Answer
A) Describe how the endosymbiont theory is supported by at least two features found in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts	They both have DNA, divide on their own, have double membrane because they were initially engulfed
B) Briefly describe the general function of each of the above organelles, and how they are designed for efficiency with those functions	Chloroplast, site of photosynthesis & glucose production
C) Describe how area within these organelles are different in terms of pH levels and acidity	In the shaded areas of the diagram there is higher concentration of H+ meaning acid is higher and pH is lower
D) The shaded areas contain higher amounts of H+ which are created with the help of special protein pumps, which move the H+ ions from low to high concentration. Explain how ATP plays a role in this process	ATP is needed to power a proton pump in order to move the H+ back to a higher concentration. This is a form of active transport.
Using terminology such as water, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic, describe the rationale behind your answer	To find the osmolarity of the potato core cells they need to be stable or isotonic. Look for a point where there is zero change in mass.
A) Describe the characteristics of the interior of the aquaporin channel protein that allow water to flow through and exclude glucose	Aquaporin is embedded into the membrane, it is highly selective to ions & molecules. Only permitting water to pass through the membrane & gasses may pass due to their small particle sizes unlike glucose which have large molecules.
B) If isolated keratinocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution for 24 hours, explain the net direction of water movement and why the rate of water movement would slow down over time	The concentration of water is high outside of the cell (hypotonic, low part.) the cell contains low water concentration, thus water will move into the cell, causing it to swell. Eventually water movement will slow down because the cell will even out

Created by: Lahp16

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