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parent/child: ch 35

QuestionAnswer
Puberty Refers to the maturational, hormonal, & growth process that occurs when the reproductive organs begin to function & the secondary sex characteristics develop
Postpubescence A 1- to 2-year period after puberty during which skeletal growth is completed & reproductive functions become fairly well established
Adolescence Literally means “to grow into maturity;” generally regarded as the psychologic, social, & maturational process initiated by the pubertal changes Early: 11 - 14 Middle: 15 - 17 Late: 18 - 20
Teenage years Used synonymously with adolescence to describe ages 13 through 19 years
Primary sex characteristics The external & internal organs that carry out the reproductive functions (e.g., ovaries, uterus, breasts, penis)
Secondary sex characteristics The changes that occur throughout the body as a result of hormonal changes (e.g., voice alterations, development of facial hair, fat deposits) but that play no direct part in reproduction
Physical changes of puberty Primarily the result of hormonal activity
Estrogen The feminizing hormone
Androgens The masculinizing hormones
Tanner stages The stages of development of secondary sex characteristics & genital development have been defined as a guide for estimating sexual maturity
Thelarche In most girls, the initial indication of puberty is the appearance of breast buds; occurs between 8 & 13 years old
Adrenarche Growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis
Menarche The initial appearance of menstruation; occurs about 2 years after the appearance of the first pubescent changes, approximately 9 months after attainment of peak height velocity, & 3 months after attainment of peak weight velocity
Pubertal delay (girls) Breast development has not occurred by 13 years old
Gynecomastia Temporary breast enlargement & tenderness; normal
Pubertal delay (boys) Should be considered for boys who exhibit no enlargement of the testes or scrotal changes by 14 years old
Growth spurt Most of the growth of the skeletal muscles & internal organs occurs during a 24- to 36-month period; growth in length of the extremities & neck precedes growth in other areas
Usual sequence of maturational changes (Girls) Breast changes -> rapid increase in height & weight -> growth of pubic hair -> appearance of axillary hair -> menstruation (usually begins 2 years after first signs) -> abrupt deceleration of linear growth
Usual sequence of maturational changes (boys) Enlargement of testicles -> growth of hair -> rapid increase in height -> voice changes -> nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) -> abrupt deceleration of linear growth
Piaget (Cognitive development) Abstract thinking; formal operations; they think beyond the present
Kohlberg (Moral development) They seriously question established moral codes, often as a result of observing that adults verbally ascribe to a code but do not adhere to it
Spiritual development Adolescents place more emphasis on the internal aspects of religion & less emphasis on external manifestations
Erikson (Psyhcosocial development) Task of identity: to develop a stable, coherent picture of oneself; identity vs. alienation -> development of a sense of personal identity as opposed to role diffusion
Sexual identity Part of adolescent identity formation
Sexual orientation Defined as a pattern of sexual arousal or romantic attraction toward persons (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, transgender, or asexual)
Authoritative parenting Parents should be guided towards this; authority is used to guide the adolescent while allowing developmentally appropriate levels of freedom & providing clear, consistent messages regarding expectations
Cyberbullying Where teens engage in insults, harassment, & publicly humiliating statements online or on cell phones
Injury prevention during adolescence Pg. 947
Immunizations Tdap, HPV, & meningitis
Created by: tatianalopez03
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