Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
parent/child: ch 34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| School-age child | 6 - 12 years old |
| Biologic development | Slower, but steady pace; most girls begin to surpass boys in both height & weight |
| Physical changes | More graceful & steadier on their feet; proportions make climbing, bicycle riding, & other activities easier |
| Preadolescence | The period that begins toward the end of middle childhood & ends with the 13th birthday |
| Puberty | Signals the beginning of the development of secondary sex characteristics |
| Prepubescence | The 2-year period that precedes puberty, typically occurs during preadolescence |
| ‘Bucktooth’ | Losing teeth in this age group |
| Erikson (Psychosocial development) | Latency period (a time of tranquility); industry (sense of accomplishment) vs. inferiority (sense of inadequacy) |
| Piaget (Cognitive development) | Master the concept of conservation (chart on pg. 913) & they learn to tell time |
| Spiritual development | Fascinated by the concepts of hell & heaven |
| Social development | Group activities, become increasingly sensitive to the social norms & pressures of the peer group, & formation of intimate friendships between same-sex peers; clubs & peer groups; bullying & gang violence |
| Bullying | Any recurring activity that intends to cause harm, distress, or control toward another in which there is a perceived imbalance of power between the aggressor(s) & the victim (Boys - direct bully; girls - indirect bully) |
| Relationships with families | Parents are the primary influence in shaping their children’s personalities, setting standards for behavior, & establishing value systems |
| Play | Belonging to a group is of vital importance; they begin to see a need for rules; team games & sports; they also enjoy many quiet & solitary activities (ex: collections) |
| Self-concept | Refers to a conscious awareness of self-perceptions, such as one’s physical characteristics, abilities, values, self-ideals & expectancy, & the idea of self in relation to others. It also includes one’s body image, sexuality, & self-esteem |
| Sex education | An important component of ongoing sex education is effective communication with parents. When presenting sexual info, nurses should treat sex as a normal part of growth & development. (Be honest & with parent’s permission) |
| Latchkey children | |
| Used to describe children in elementary school who are left to care for themselves before or after school without the supervision of an adult | |
| Stress & fear | Stress in childhood comes from a variety of sources, such as conflict within the family, parental criminality or psychiatric disorder, & low socioeconomic status |
| Signs of stress in children | Stomach pains or headache, sleep problems, bedwetting, changes in eating habits, aggressive or stubborn behavior, withdrawal or reluctance to participate, regression to earlier behaviors, & trouble concentrating or changes in academic performance |
| Nutrition | The quality of the child’s diet depend s on the family’s pattern of eating. Foods that do not promote growth, such as sugars, starches, & excess fats, are common in their diets |
| Sleep & rest | Highly individualized; approximately 11.5 hours at 5 years old & 9 hours at 11 years old |
| Exercise, activity, & sports | Running, jumping rope, swimming, roller skating, ice skating, dancing, & bicycle riding; common sports: baseball, soccer, gymnastics, & swimming; just know their limits & safety |
| Television, video games, & the internet | Limit & parents should make the ultimate decision about which programs their child will watch |
| Dental health | The most effective means of preventing dental caries (cavities) is proper oral hygiene; if a permanent tooth gets knocked, it can be saved if the nerve is still intact. Place lost tooth immediately in either cold milk or saliva (Box on pg. 923) |
| School health | Education & prevention |
| Automobile safety measures | Effective car restraint systems, door-lock mechanisms, & appropriate passenger seating locations in the motor vehicle. The rear vehicle seat is the safest place for children younger than 13 & booster seats should be used until the child is 57 inches tall |
| Bike riding, skateboarding, in-line skate, & scooter safety | Wear helmets & other protective equipment |
| Enuresis | Defined as repeated urination into bed or clothing at least twice a week for a period of at least 3 months that is not due directly to a physiologic condition or substance & occurs in an individual who is at least 5 years of age |
| Primary enuresis | Bedwetting in children who have never been dry for extended periods |
| Secondary enuresis | The onset of wetting after a period of established urinary continence |
| Enuresis teaching | No liquids or caffeine 2 hours before bed Go before bed |
| Encopresis | Defined as repeated bowel movements into bed or clothing at least one time per month for a period of at least 3 months, is not due directly to a physiologic condition or substance, & occurs in an individual who is at least 4 years of age |
| Primary encopresis | Identified by 4 years of age when a child has not achieved fecal continence |
| Secondary encopresis | Fecal incontinence occurring in a child older than 4 years of age after a period of established fecal continence |
| Psychogenic encopresis | The soiling is caused by emotional problems, often related to a disturbed mother-child relationship |
| Encopresis treatment | Behavior therapy, such as maintaining regular bathroom routines, increasing exercise, & having the child take on more responsibility for the bowel program |
| Possible causes of primary nocturnal enuresis in children | Box 34.1 pg. 927 |
Created by:
tatianalopez03
Popular USMLE sets