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unit 2 crossword
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| extracellular matrix | material (primarily collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans) secreted from animal cells that provides mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells in the tissue |
| mitochondria | cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell's main energy-carrying molecule |
| cytoplasm | entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals |
| tight junction | firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence |
| nucleus | cell organelle that houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins |
| glogi apparatus | eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for ditribution |
| centrosome | region in animal cells made of two centrioles |
| plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment |
| endoplasmic reticulum | series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and syntehsize lipids |
| cytosol | gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended |
| gap junction | channel between two adjacent animal cells that allows ions, nutrients, and low molecular weight substances to pass between cells, enabling the cells to communicate |
| chromosome | structure within the nucleus that is made up of chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material |
| central vacuole | large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell's storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of macromolecule degradation |
| desmosome | linkages between adjacent epithelial cells that form when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments |
| organelle | compartment or sac within a cell |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle |
| eukaryotic cell | cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs |
| flagellum | long, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell |
| endomembrane system | group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins |
| chloroplast | plant cell organelle that carries out protein synthesis |
| ribosome | cellular organelle that carries our protein synthesis |
| cell wall | rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently |
| lysosome | organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell's digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles |
| electrochemical gradient | gradient produced by the combined forces of an electrical gradient and a chemical gradient |
| active transport | method of transporting material that requires energy |
| hydrophilic | molecule with the ability to bond with water; "water-loving" |
| fluid mosaic model | describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity) |
| exocytosis | process of passing bulk material out of a cell |
| hydrophobic | molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; "water-hating" |
| diffusion | passive process of transport of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient |
| hypotonic | situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell |
| isotonic | situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell |
| carrier protein | membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape |
| hypertonic | situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell |
| facilitated transport | process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins |
| clathrin | protein that coats the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane and assists in the formation of specialized structures, like coated pits, for phagocytosis |
| pinocytosis | type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell |
| channel protein | membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane |
| solute | substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution |
| concentration gradient | area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration |
| selectively permeable | characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others |
| osmosis | transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane |
| passive transport | method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy |
Created by:
mortehay000
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